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Question 1

outermost structure surrounding the bacterium;

Answer 1

cell envelope

Question 2

cell envelope made up of

Answer 2

(cell wall, cell membrane and capsule)

Question 3

found only in gram-negative bacteria, function as the cell’s initial barrier to the environment

Answer 3

outer membrane

Question 4

portion of the cell envelope
located
external to the cell
membrane but internal to the capsule

Answer 4

cell wall (murein layer)

Question 5

gives shape and rigidity found in nearly all clinically relevant bacteria;

Answer 5

glycocalyx

Question 6

serves as the primary target of anti microbial agents

Answer 6

synthesis and function

Question 7

gram characteristics

Answer 7

•gram positive cell wall
•gram negative cell wall

Question 8

Cell Wall Functions:

Answer 8

a) Protection against mechanical disruption of the bacterial cell from adverse environmental conditions
b) Serves as a point of anchorage for flagella
c) Determines the staining characteristics of a species

Question 9

Cell wall of Bacillus spp. contains

Answer 9

• poly-D-glutamic acid

Question 10

Cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. contains -

Answer 10

mycolic acid and waxy layer of glycolipids

Question 11

Cell wall of fungi contains

Answer 11

chitin

Question 12

lacks a rigid cell wall - pleomorphic and more sensitive to osmotic pressure

Answer 12

mycoplasma
ureaplasma
acholeplasma

Question 13

3 layers of gram-positive bacteria

Answer 13

•peptidoglycan layer
•teichoic layer
•polysaccharide layer/glycoprotein later/capsule

Question 14

Innermost layer made up of a very THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN
(“aka” mucopeptide
or murein), teichoic acid
and
polysaccharide;

Answer 14

peptidoglycan layer

Question 15

containing negatively charged teichoic acid (made up of repeating subunits of glycerol or ribitol phosphate and are covalently linked to the peptidoglycan) that contributes is to the charge of the cell wall

Answer 15

teichoic layer

Question 16

an outermost layer outside the
peptidoglycan: helps protect the bacterium from the host immune system and can also be involved in
adhesion to surfaces or host cells.

Answer 16

Polysaccharide layer/Glycoprotein layer or Capsule

Question 17

2 Layers of Gram Neg

Answer 17

inner layer
outer membrane

Question 18

inner layer containing thin layer of ______ and a layer of _______

Answer 18

peptidoglycan

lipopolysaccharide

Question 19

Outer membrane composed of
______, ________ and _______

Answer 19

proteins,
phospholipids
lipopolysaccharides

Question 20

outer membrane also contains

Answer 20

porins (permeability)
periplasmic space (peptidoglycan
synthesis)

Question 21

LPS contain three regions

Answer 21

•O-specific antigen
•polysaccharide core
•inner lipid A

Question 22

main constituent of endotoxin

Answer 22

inner lipid A

Question 23

gram negative bacteria contain

Answer 23

periplasmic space unlike gram pos bac