Palmar Hand

Question 1

how many carpals in the wrist?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

how many metacarpals in the wrist?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

how many phalanges in the digits?

Answer 3

14

Question 4

which carpal bones have a tubercle for the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum)?

Answer 4

• scaphoid
• pisiform
• hook of hamate
• trapezium

“Some Professors Hardly Teach”

Question 5

which carpal is the largest bone?

Answer 5

capitate

Question 6

what 2 fascia does the palmar fascia form?

Answer 6

• Palmar Aponeurosis

- Digital Sheaths

Question 7

what does the palmar aponeurosis form distal to the apex?

Answer 7

4 Longitudinal Digital Bands/Rays»_space; Fibrous Digital Sheaths

Question 8

What do fibrous digital sheaths enclose?

Answer 8

• synovial sheaths
• tendons of FDP
• tendons of FDS

Question 9

what happens with Dupuytren Contracture of Palmar Fascia?

Answer 9

progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of palmar fasica and aponeurosis

Question 10

which fingers does Dupuytren Contracture affect most?

Answer 10

ring & little finder

Question 11

how does Dupuytren Contracture present?

Answer 11

• nodular thickenings of palmar aponeourosis
• painless
• flexion

Question 12

3 thenar muscles

Answer 12

• ABductor pollicis brevis
• flexor pollicis brevis
• opponens pollicis

Question 13

3 hypothenar muscles

Answer 13

• ABductor digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi brevis
• opponens digiti minimi

Question 14

nerve innervation of 3 thenar muscles

Answer 14

recurrent branch of median nerve

Question 15

abductor pollicis brevis action

Answer 15

assists with opposition

Question 16

flexor pollicis brevis action

Answer 16

• flexes thumb at MCP

- assists with opposition

Question 17

opponens pollicis action

Answer 17

flexes and medially rotates 1st metacarpal at CMC joint during opposition

Question 18

what is located in the adductor compartment?

Answer 18

• transverse head of adductor pollicis

- oblique head of adductor pollicis

Question 19

what separates the 2 heads of adductor pollicis?

Answer 19

radial artery»_space; deep palmar arch

Question 20

adductor pollicis (both) action

Answer 20

-adducts thumb (thumb to palm)»_space; grip

Question 21

Abductor digiti minimi action

Answer 21

• abducts 5th finger

- helps flex 5th proximal phalanx

Question 22

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

Answer 22

flexes proximal phalanx 5 at MCP

Question 23

opponens digiti minimi

Answer 23

• draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it laterally

- opposition with the thumb

Question 24

which muscles act exclusively at the CMC joint?

Answer 24

• opponens digiti minimi

- opponens pollicis

Question 25

which muscle is a small, thin muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 25

palmaris brevis

Question 26

palmaris brevis action

Answer 26

- grip | - covers and protects ulnar nerve/artery

Question 27

Lumbrical innervation

Answer 27

``` 1-2 = median 3-4 = ulnar ```

Question 28

dorsal interossei action

Answer 28

ABduct (DAB)

Question 29

palmar interossei action

Answer 29

Adduct (PAD)

Question 30

which tendons do the lumbricals arise from?

Answer 30

flexor digitorum superficialis tendons

Question 31

lubricals action

Answer 31

- flex at MCP | - extend at IP

Question 32

what do the interossei and lubricals attach to for MCP flexion and IP extension?

Answer 32

extensor expansion (dorsal hood)

Question 33

what is a triangular tendinous aponerosis with: - tendon of extensor digitorum (centrally) - interosseus tendons (sides) - lumbrical tendon (laterally)

Answer 33

extensor expansion

Question 34

what do the tendons of the FDS and FDP enter deep to the flexor retinaculum

Answer 34

flexor sheath

Question 35

what allows tendons to slide freely over each other during movement of fingers

Answer 35

- common flexor sheath | - digital sheath

Question 36

what part of the phalanx do the anterior half of the FDS tendons attach to?

Answer 36

anterior base of middle phalanx

Question 37

what prevents bowstringing go tendons?

Answer 37

fibrous digital sheaths and their synovial sheaths

Question 38

bone tunnel for tendons and fibrous sheaths

Answer 38

osseofibrous tunnel

Question 39

what is the pulley that reinforces the fibrous digital sheaths?

Answer 39

anular and cruciform parts of digital sheath

Question 40

2 terminal branches of ulnar artery

Answer 40

- deep palmar branch | - superficial palmar arch

Question 41

which artery crosses the floor of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 41

radial artery

Question 42

which tendons indicate the anterior boundary of the anatomical snuff box

Answer 42

- tendon of abductor pollicis longus | - tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

Question 43

what artery is the deep palmar arch mainly formed by?

Answer 43

radial artery

Question 44

arteries from the deep palmar arch

Answer 44

- palmar metacarpal arteries - princeps pollicis artery - radialis indicis artery

Question 45

which nerve supplies NO hand muscles?

Answer 45

radial nerve

Question 46

which branch of the radial nerve is entirely sensory?

Answer 46

superficial branch of radial nerve

Question 47

what is in the carpal tunnel

Answer 47

- tendons of FDP - tendons of FDS - tendon of flexor pollicis longus - tendon of flexor carpi radialis - median nerve

Question 48

2 terminal branches of median nerve

Answer 48

- palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve (sensory) | - recurrent branch of median nerve (motor)

Question 49

which nerve may be easily severed by minor laceration of thenar eminence?

Answer 49

recurrent branch of median nerve