1
Q
Identify the three parts of the os coxae
A
- Red: Ischium
- Black: Pubis
- Green: Ilium
2
Q
Pelvic Girdle
A
Ring of bones that connect the vertebral column and femora; bony walls of pelvic cavity
3
Q
Identify
A
- red: sacral canal
- black: auricular surface: forms sacroiliac joint
4
Q
Identify
A
- Red: greater sciatic notch
- Black: Ischial spine
- Green: Lesser sciatic notch
5
Q
Identify
A
Auricular surface of ilium
6
Q
Identify
A
- Blue: posterior superior iliac spine
- Red: anterior superior iliac spine
- Green: iliac tubercle
7
Q
Identify
A
Ischial tuberosity
8
Q
Identify
A
Ischial ramus
9
Q
Identify
A
Pectineal line
10
Q
Identify
A
Arcuate line of pubis
11
Q
Identify
A
Pubic tubercle
12
Q
Identify
A
Pubic crest
13
Q
Identify these areas
A
- black: Superior pubic ramus
- Red: Inferior pubic ramus
14
Q
Identify
A
symphyseal surface
15
Q
Pubic symphysis is composed of what two structures?
A
- pubic ligament
- interpubic disc
16
Q
What makes up the border of the two inferior pubic rami? What is the name of the angle between?
A
- pubic arch
- subpubic angle
17
Q
What is the name of the hip joint area of the pelvis?
A
Acetabulum: is it composed of all three sections of os coxae
18
Q
Name the pelvic girdle ligaments that joins the sacrum to the ileum
A
- sacroiliac ligaments (anterior and posterior)
19
Q
Name the pelvic girdle ligaments that connects the lumbar spine to the ilium?
A
Ileolumbar ligament
20
Q
What are the functions of the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligament?
A
Preent flexion at sacroiliac joints; pull coccyx anteriorly
21
Q
Identify arrows
A
- Green: Greater sciatic foramen
- Red: Lesser sciatic foramen
22
Q
Identify the foramen, membrane within, and canal formed from the membrane
A
- Obturator foramen
- Obturator membrane (red arrows)
- Obturator canal (green arrow)
23
Q
Identify
A
Pelvic brim and Superior pelvic aperture
24
Q
Identify red-lined circle
A
Pelvic outlet; inferior pelvic aperture
25
What are the two pelvic girdle divisions? What type of viscera does each hold?
Greater pelvis: contains abdominal viscera
Lesser pelvis: contains pelvic viscera
26
Differentiate the pelvic structure between men and women in
* General structure
* acetabulum
* Obturator foramen
* Pelvic inlet
* Pubic arch and suprapubic angle
Women/Men
* General structre: thin and light/thick and heavy
* Acetebulum: small/large
* Obturator formen: Oval/Round
* Pelvic brim: Round, wide/Heart shaped, narrow
* Pubic arch: wider (\>80 deg)/narrower(\<70 deg)
27
In females, the peritoneum and peritoneal cavities create what two pouches?
* vesicouterine pouch
* rectouterine pouch
28
In males, the peritoneum and peritoneal cavities form what pouch?
Rectovesical pouch
29
What is the puborectalis muscle's role in defecation?
* anorectal flexure kept at 90 º -\> continence maintained via tonic or phasic contraction of puborectalis
* During defecation, puborectalis muscle relaxes and anorectal junction straightens to allow release of feces
30
What are the 3 levator ani muscles
* Puborectalis m.
* Pubococcygeus m.
* Ileococcygeus m.
31
Imjury to pelvic floor during childbirth primarily affects which muscle? What is a consequence?
* Pubococcygeus : supports urethra, vagina, and anal canal
* Urinary stress incontinence: dribbling of urine when intra-abdominal pressure is raised (coughing; lifting)
32
What are the three arteries that come off of the internal iliac arteries posteriorly and give blood to the pelvis?
* Iliolumbar a.
* Lateral sacral a.
* Superior gluteal a.
\*branches are identified by organ/region they supply, not branchind pattern or order
**I L**ove **G**oing places in my very own underwear
33
What arteries come off anteriorly of the internal iliac artery and supply blood to pelvis of a female?
* Inferior **G**luteal a.
* Internal **P**udendal a.
* Uterine a. (**I**nferior Vesical in males)
* **M**iddle rectal a.
* **V**aginal a.
* **O**bturator a.
* **U**mbilical a
I Love (Going Places In My Very Own Underwear)
34
Umbilical artery terminates as what ligament?
Median umbilical ligament
35
What are the substitutions for the uterine and vaginal arteries off the internal iliac artery in males?
* Inferior vesicle a.
* Prostatic branch a.
36
What three plexus are formed off of the internal iliac vein?
* Pampiniform plexus
* Vesicular venous plexus
* Prostatic venous plexus
37
What veins (plexus) wraps around the spermatic cord and drains into the internal iliac vein
pampiniform plexus
38
What plexus supplies somatic nerves of the pelvis? What is the solo nerve outside of the plexus that also supplies somatic nerves of pelvis?
* Sacral plexus
* Obturator n. (L2-L4) exits to Lower Extremity
39
How is the sacral plexus connected to the lumbar plexus?
Via the lumbosacral trunk
40
The superior gluteal n. and Pudendal n. are part of what plexus?
* Branches of sacral plexus
41
What is the main nerve of the perineum and chief sensory nerve of external genitalia?
Pudendal n. from Sacral plexus
42
What fibers contain purely sympathetic innervation of the pelvis?
Sacral paravertebral ganglia-\> sacral splanchnic nn (post ganglionic) -\> superior hypogastric plexus
43
What fibers contain mixed (sympathetic and parasympathetic) to the pelvis?
Inferior hypogastric plexus
44
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the pelvis?
pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
45
Sympathetic innervation has what response during sex and on bladder/rectal peristalsis?
* Vasomotion
* Contraction of internal organs during orgasm
* inhibit rectal peristalsis
46
Parasympathetic innervation has what response of bladder/rectal peristalsis and erection?
Stimulate bladder/rectum emtpying; produce erection of external genitalia
47
What is the significance of the pelvic pain line?
Corresponds with inferior border of peritoneum (except midway down sigmoid colon)
* Above line: pain sensation follows sympathetic pathways (abdominopelvic splanchnic nn)
* Below line: Pain sensation follows the parasympathetic pathways
48
General pelvic drainage pattern
internal iliac nodes -\> common iliac nodes -\> lumbar nodes -\> lumbar lymphatic trunks -\> Chyle cistern -\> thoracic duct
49
Lymph drainage of gonads (testes and ovaries)
Lumbar nodes -\> lumbar lymphatic trunks -\> chyle cistern -\> thoracic duct
50
Origin and insertion of Obturator internus m. and fascia
O: Obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
51
Innervation of action of obturator internus
N: Nerve to obturator internus
A: lateral rotation of thigh
52
Origin and insertion of piriformis
O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter
53
Innervation and action of piriformis
N: Nerve to piriformis
A: lateral rotation of thigh
54
Origin and insertion of coccygeus
O: ischial spine
I: inferior end of sacrum
55
Innervation and action of coccygeus
N: sacral plexus
A: flex coccyx
56
Levantor Ani: pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus origin, insertion, innervation, action
O: Pubic body, ischial spine
I: perineal body, coccyx, walls of viscera
N: nerve to levator ani
A: contract to tighten pelvic floor
57
Levator ani: puborectalis: origin, insertion, innervation, action
O: Pubic body
I: surround rectum in a sling
N: nerve to levator ani
A: contract to constrict ano-rectal junction
Anatomy Exam 3
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