Pharm Exam 2

Question 1

Digoxin (lanoxin)

Answer 1

• Positive Inotropic Effect
  
  • inc forced of contraction
• Negative Chonotropic
• Antiarrhythmics
• Decreases conduction through SA and AV nodes
• Increases Cardic Output and Slow the Rate.
• Hypokalemia/Hypercalcemia
• toxicity first sign ab pain, anorexia, nausea, visual disturbances, bradycardia
• half life- 36-48 hrs

Question 2

Spironolactine (aldactone)

Answer 2

• Potassium Sparing
• Inhibits Sodium Reabsorption
• manages hyperaldosterone
• manage edema
• antihypertensive
• treats hypokalemia
• for patients with Heart Failure

Question 3

Nitrates

Question 4

Potassium Sparing Drugs

Answer 4

• Triamterene (Dyrenium)
• Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 5

AntiCoagulants Drugs

Answer 5

• Warfarin (coumadin)
• Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
• Heparin

Question 6

Beta Blocker Drugs

Answer 6

• Atenolol (Tenormin)

Question 7

Antiplatelet Agent Drugs

Answer 7

• Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Question 8

ACE inhibitor Drugs

Answer 8

• Benazepril (Lotensin)

Question 9

Thiazide Diuretic Drugs

Answer 9

• Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 10

Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs

Answer 10

• Nifedipine (Procardia)

Question 11

Thrombolytic Drugs

Answer 11

• Alteplase (tPA)
  *

Question 12

Loop Diuretic Drugs

Answer 12

• Digoxin
• Bumetanide

Question 13

Lipid Lower Agent Drug(s)

Answer 13

• Simvastatin (Zocor)

Question 14

Heparin

Answer 14

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
• Anticoagulant

Question 15

Thiazide i.e. Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

Answer 15

• Mild to Moderate hypertension
• Heart failure
• Renal Dysfunction
• Increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in distal tubule

Question 16

atenolol

Answer 16

• Antiangina/antihypertensive
• Block stimulation of beta1 (myocardia). DOES NOT affect beta 2 (pulmonary, vascular, uterin)
• decrease BP
• decrease frequency of attacks of angina
• prevention of MI

Question 17

Warfarin Coumadin

Question 18

Mannitol

Answer 18

• Natiuresis- sodium loss in the urine
• Osmotics
• used to decrease intracranial pressure (cerbral edema)
• Decreases intra ocular pressure (Glaucoma)
• Chemotherapy-induces frank diuresis

Question 19

Dapigatran (Pradaxa)

Question 20

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Question 21

Furosamide Lasix

Answer 21

• Loop Diuretic
• Antihypertensive
• Lead to ototoxicity
• increases excretion of water, Na, CL, Mg, K, Ca
• Effective even in patients with impaired renal function

Question 22

-arin suffix means

Answer 22

anti-coagulant

Question 23

Thrombolytics end in -ase

Answer 23

• Streptokinase, Altepase
• Enzymes

Question 24

Which drugs have a major effect in decreasing the strength of cardiac contraction?

Answer 24

Calcium channel blockers

Question 25

pril is what type of drug?

Answer 25

ACE inhibitor

Question 26

An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure

Answer 26

ACE inhibitor

Question 27

Step 1: Blood has cicrulationg through the body, lost its oxygen and collected CO2, where does it enter?

Answer 27

* Right Atrium of the heart through the Vena Cava

Question 28

Step 2: Right Atrium Contracts and pumps blood through which valves?

Answer 28

Tricuspid valve and right ventricle

Question 29

Step 3 of 9: The Right Ventricle pumps blood where?

Answer 29

* Through the pulmonary artery into the lungs

Question 30

Step 4: What do the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the lungs do?

Answer 30

absorb CO2 from blood and replace it with oxygen

Question 31

Step 5: oxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary vein and into where?

Answer 31

* Left Atrium

Question 32

Step 6: Oxygenated blood pumps throu the mitral valve and into where?

Answer 32

Left Ventricle

Question 33

Once the blood has gone through the aortic arch, what are the option for where blood can be pumped?

Answer 33

* thru carotid artery into the brain * auxiliary arteries into the arms * aorta and into the torso/legs

Question 34

Step 8: Blood moves through the arteries, then through capillaries, where does it return?

Answer 34

Veins

Question 35

Step 9: What is the last step of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 35

Deoxygenated blood will return to the heart

Question 36

Treatment of Angina

Answer 36

* Beta Blockers * Calcium Channel Blockers * Oranic Nitrates

Question 37

Antidote for Heparine is?

Answer 37

protamine Sulfate

Question 38

a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek αντιδιδοναι antididonai, "given against"

Answer 38

Antidote

Question 39

INR Ratio

Answer 39

* Better test * International Normalized Ratio

Question 40

If INR is less than 2.0 what should happen for warfarin?

Answer 40

dose should be increased

Question 41

If INR is greater than 3 how should warfarin be adjusted?

Answer 41

decreased

Question 42

Inotropic Action

Answer 42

Influenced the **force** of muscular contractility

Question 43

Chonotropic Action

Answer 43

Infuencing heart **rate**

Question 44

Domotropic Action

Answer 44

* influencing the **nerve** conductivity of the muscles * DERMATONES!

Question 45

-plase drugs

Answer 45

Thrombolytics

Question 46

**-or** drugs

Answer 46

HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

Question 47

Major adverse effect of Statins

Answer 47

Liver dysfunction, Category X

Question 48

How do beta blockers work?

Answer 48

* slowing down the heart rate and the force at which it contracts * They are ingested

Question 49

How do calcium channel blockers work?

Answer 49

* Ingested * slow down heart **rate** & **force** at which it contracts * Decrease pressure on the circulation, by relaxing the blood vessels * Allows blood to flow more smoothly * Vasodilation * **Decrease afterload**

Question 50

How does nitroglycerin have a therapeutic effect on the patient with angina?

Answer 50

absense of chest **pain**.

Question 51

Patient Education for Nitroglycerin

Answer 51

* Patients should change positions slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension * Keep in a cool dry place * May cause a headache, tylenol for pain relief * take 3 tablets every 5 minutes, if no relief seek med assistance.

Question 52

Fluid and Electrolytes for Diuril/Chlorthiazide

Answer 52

* hypokalemia * dehydration * hypercalcemia * hypochloremic alkalosis * hypomagnesemia * hyponatremia * hyperglycemia * hyperuricemia

Question 53

Proranolol (Inderal) Precautions

Answer 53

* patients with pulmonary disease including asthma * beta blocker- blocks 1 & 2

Question 54

ACE inhibitor Captopril (Capoten)

Answer 54

* Peaks 60-90 min and lasts 6-12 hours * may lead to neutropenia. Monitor the CBC with differential prior to therapy, every 2wks for first 3 mnths and up to 1 yr. * for high BP and heart failure * may cause cough, hyperkalemia and angioedema

Question 55

Nitropursside (Nitropress)

Answer 55

* administered IV * antihypertensive * half life is 2 min * monitor BP, HR, ECG frequently. * Monitor for rebound hypertension

Question 56

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Answer 56

* Avoid Grapefruit Juice increases level and effect * antiangina, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmics * monitor I/O, daily weight * cause edema, weight gain. * may cause steven johnson syndrome

Question 57

Nitroglycerin

Answer 57

* antiangina * increases blood flow by dilating coronary arteries * vasodilation, venous greater than arterial * decreases preload * reduced myocardial oxygen consumption * half life 1-4 minutes * Used w/ Sildenafil, Tadalafil and Vardenafil will lead to potentially fatal hypotension

Question 58

Antihypertensive 6 Categories

Answer 58

1. Diuretics 2. Symatholytics 3. Direct-acting arteriolar Vasodilators 4. ACE inhibitor 5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS) 6. Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 59

Sympatholytic Categories x5

Answer 59

1. Beta Adrenergic Blocker 2. Centrally acting Alpha 2 Agonist 3. Alpha Adrenergic Blocker 4. Adrenergic Neuron Blocker 5. Alpha 1 and Beta 1 Adrnergic Blocker.