Flashcards in Physical Exam Deck (136)
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1
Newborn
birth-2mo
2
Infant
0-1yr
-neonatal: 1-28 days
-postneonatal: 29 days-1 year
3
Toddler
1-2yr
4
Child
2+ years
5
What is the purpose the Apgar Score?
assess neurologic recover from birth and adaptation to extrauterine life
6
What are the components of the Apgar score?
-heart rate
-respiratory effort
-muscle tone
-reflex irritability
-color
7
What does Apgar stand for?
-Activity
-Pulse
-Grimace
-Appearance
-Respiration
8
What is a normal Apgar score at 1 minute?
8-10
9
An Apgar score of ___ indicates some nervous system depression.
5-7
10
An Apgar score of ___ indicates severe depression requiring immediate resuscitation.
0-4
11
What is a normal Apgar score at 5 minutes?
8-10
12
Preterm
<37 wks
13
Term
37-42 wks
14
Postterm
>42 wks
15
Preterm Appropriate for gestational age infants are more prone to...
-respiratory distress syndrome
-apnea
-patent ductus arteriorsus
-infection
16
Risks for Large for gestational age infatns
-birth difficulties
-metabolic abnormalities shortly after birth
17
What is a risk factor for an infant to be LGA?
maternal diabetes
18
Newborn Exam sequence
-observation
-head, neck, thorax, abdomen, genitourinary system
-LE, back
-ears, mouth when open
-skin, as you go
-neurologic system
-hips
19
What is paradoxic breathing?
when the chest moves inward during inhalation instead of expiration
20
What is the Flush Technique?
a way to measure BP in infants
==>empty vessels and release pressure slowly until arm "flushes" to usual color
21
What happens if the cuff is too wide or too narrow?
wide: underestimate BP
narrow: artificially high BP
22
What are the most accurate temperature readings in a newborn?
rectal or axillary
==> children >5 inc axillary reading by 1 degree
23
How should you measure an infant?
from top of head to heel with the foot dorsiflexed
24
When is the head circumference taken?
every "health visit" yoa
25
What is measured for head circumference?
largest circumference
==>glabella to EOP
26
Where do you measure chest circumference?
measure around the nipple line to the nearest 1/8th
27
Breastfed infants correlate more with ___ growth rates.
WHO
28
Formula infants correlate more with ___ growth rates.
CDC
29
What is the average birth weight?
5lbs 8oz- 8lb 13oz
30
