Physiology Part 1

Question 1

Ascending phase, influx of sodium

Answer 1

Depolarization

Question 2

Descending phase, efflux of potassium

Answer 2

Repolarization

Question 3

-90 mV

Answer 3

resting state (membrane polarized)

Question 4

permeable to sodium ions

what stage

Answer 4

depolarization stage

Question 5

Rapid diffusion of potassium to the exterior

Answer 5

Repolarization stage

Question 6

Two gates of voltage gated sodium channel

Answer 6

activation and inactivation gates

Question 7

T/F: Inactivation gate will not re-open until membrane potential is at or nearly at “resting membrane potential” level.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Term for most synapses (axon to dendrite)

Answer 8

axodendritic

Question 9

Tunnels which connect cytosol of two cells for synaptic transmission

Answer 9

Gap junctions (connexons)

Question 10

Do chemical synapses touch?

Answer 10

no, very close though

Question 11

What is myelin made of?

Answer 11

fat

Question 12

What are the 3 excitatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 12

Norepinephrine,
Glutamate,
Nitric Oxide

(eNGiNes excite me)

Question 13

What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Answer 13

Glycine, GABA, Serotonin, AcH, Dopamine

GG SAD

Question 14

What do MS, PLS, and ALS all have in common?

Answer 14

Demyelinating diseases

Question 15

Which has more presynaptic bulbs, spatial or temporal summation?

Answer 15

spatial (takes up more space)

temporal summation only has 1

Question 16

pupil constriction

Answer 16

miosis

Question 17

areas of greatest number of pain nociceptors

Answer 17

tip of tongue, lips, genitals, finger tips

Question 18

encapsulated mechanoreceptors assessing pressure

Answer 18

end bulbs of KRAUSE

Question 19

encapsulated mechanoreceptor,
multi-branched,
perception of temp and pressure

Answer 19

corpuscles of RUFFINI

Question 20

Iggo Dome Receptors,
not encapsulated,
anterior spinothalamic tract,
hair follicles,
general touch

Answer 20

Merkel’s discs

Question 21

encapsulated fine touch receptors on non-hairy skin

Answer 21

meissner’s

Question 22

phasic receptor
quick adaptor
pressure, vibration
encapsulated

Answer 22

Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 23

Receptors that are not encapsulated

Answer 23

Merkel’s discs

Question 24

Proprioception receptors

Answer 24

muscle spindels, Golgi Tendon Organs, and Golgi Tendon Reflex

Question 25

Prevents excessive tension in a muscle

Answer 25

Golgi Tendon Reflex

Question 26

Which has cholinergic receptors, sympathetic or parasym?

Answer 26

parasym (sym has adrenergic)

Question 27

Absolute refractory

Answer 27

no action potential possible

Question 28

Relative refractory

Answer 28

action potential available with increase potential

Question 29

many synapses in a single cell

Answer 29

spatial summation

Question 30

rapid succession of action potential, few synapses

Answer 30

temporal summation

Question 31

these cells normally release glycine, preventing excessive muscular contraction but their respective glycine receptors are blocked during strychnine poisoning.

Answer 31

Renshaw cells

Question 32

What is the stimulus for opening sodium channels suring an action potential?

Answer 32

depol

Question 33

What is the threshold for stimulus (membrane potential starts at -90mV)?

Answer 33

-65mV