birth rate meaning
the number of live births per 1000 people per year
death rate meaning
the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
infant mortality rate meaning
the number of deaths of infants (under the age of 1) per 1000 people per year
natural population change meaning
the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. If birth rate is greater, it is the natural increase and if death rate is greater, it is the natural decrease
reasons for decrease in death rate and increased life expectancy
- improved medical facilities and provision of vaccination
- good treatment of diseases with new and effective drugs
- investment in care for the elderly
- availability of pensions
- increase in nutritional value of diet
- good water supply
- good hygiene standards
reasons for high birth rates in LEDCs
- little availability of contraception or family planning
- lack of sex ed
- unavailability of contraception/family planning services
- need more children to work
- high death rate so more children born to make up
reasons for low birth rates in MEDCs
- availability of contraception and family planning
- education about using contraception and family planning
- women are career oriented
overpopulation meaning
a condition where there are not enough resources to support the people living in an area
underpopulation meaning
a condition where there are too many resources for the people being underutilised
problems causes by overpopulation
- lack of food supply employment and housing
- pressure on service provision
- crime
- traffic congestion
- deforestation and habitat loss
problems caused by underpopulation
- shortage of workers
- low level of production
- resources underused
- high taxes
- lack of government income
- small market for goods and services
- hard to defend country
problems of ageing population
- high dependency
- more pressure on economically active population
- more money spent on elderly care
- not enough taxation
- workforce less innovative
- less money spent on education
- pension aged raised
- country becomes difficult to defend
internal migration meaning
migration within a country
international migration meaning
migration from one country to another
immigrant meaning
a person arriving in a new country
emigrant meaning
a person leaving their home country
forced migration meaning
there is no choice of the migrant
net migration meaning
difference between immigration and emigration
population pyramid shows
- wide base implies high birth rate
- narrow top implies low life expectancy
population density meaning
the number of people living per km2 of an area
positive physical factor why people choose to live in an area
- good climate
- water supply
- natural resources
- low lying land
- fertile soil
- natural vegetation
positive economic factor why people choose to live in an area
- transport system
- presence of capital to invest in industry
positive social factor why people choose to live in an area
- housing and healthcare
- education
positive political factor why people choose to live in an area
-high government stability and investement in infrastructure
-good government policy
low tax rates
