1
Q
Precipitation occurs when
A
A point of saturation is reached releasing condensed water
2
Q
When compared to other types of microbiological organisms, cryptosporidium is
A
Much more difficult to detect
3
Q
Pure water can be found in
A
A laboratory
4
Q
Under the Total Coliform Rule, the amount of free available chlorine that should be measurable in a distribution system at all times is
A
Presence
5
Q
An example of a positive displacement type meter is a
A
Nutating-disk meter
6
Q
The wire normally used as ground in electrical systems is
A
Green
7
Q
When a pressure-reducing and a pressure-sustaining valve are using in combination, one valve can keep a constant _____ pressure even with fluctuating demand, while the other valve holds the pressure at a minimum predetermined ______
A
Downstream and pressure
8
Q
Which data management system is best suited to activities that are big time sensitive or mission critical?
A
Geographic information system
9
Q
MCL means
A
Maximum contaminant level
10
Q
When a pump reaches shut-off, the GPM output is
A
Zero; there is no flow
11
Q
An increase of 10* C above an electric motor’s rated operating temperature will shorten the life of the motor by
A
50%
12
Q
First aid for chlorine gas exposure to the eyes includes flushing for at least 15 mins with
A
H2O
13
Q
Ideally, where should the meter be located?
A
Immediately after the point where the service pipe enters through the floor or wall
14
Q
Stray-current corrosion is caused by
A
Direct currents
15
Q
The MCL for fecal Coliform bacteria is
A
Zero
16
Q
The potential to serve at least 15 service connections on a year-round braises, or serve at least 15 individuals on a year-round biases in the definition of a
A
Community water system
17
Q
One of the most common disinfection byproducts formed when treating water is
A
Trihalomethanes
18
Q
A water system has a satisfactory level of unaccounted-for water loss throughout the system when it does not exceed
A
10%
19
Q
Like scaling on the interior walls of a pipeline typically consists of
A
Calcium carbonate
20
Q
Proof that a system is producing a delivering safe water is established by
A
Laboratory analysis
21
Q
The four main goals of a distribution system are to deliver
A
Potable water at an affordable cost with adequate pressure & quantity to meet demand
22
Q
When receiving a customer complaint about water quality, which of the following is a good approach for customers who are in a highly emotional state?
A
Obtain the customers name and address at the beginning of the discussion
23
Q
The minimum distance between a well and any possible contamination areas such as septic tank leach fields is
A
50-100 ft
24
Q
What type of pump can be energized and run for a short time without causing damage to the pump?
A
End-suction centrifugal
25
The shoring system in an excavation must be located no more than ________ above they trench bottom
2 feet
26
When working in trenches four feet deep or greater, an adequate means of exit, or escape, such as a ladder must be located no more than what distance from any worker?
25 feet
27
Which chemical oxidant would be most effective for controlling biological growth
Chlorine
28
Humans can be killed by electricity passing through the body at levels greater than
1/3 of an amp
29
How can a distribution operator tell if a new pipe with no obvious cracks or chips is good before it is placed in the trench for installation?
By gently tapping the length of the pipe with a hammer
30
What is described as the universal solvent
Water
31
Check valves are designed to:
Allow water to flow in only one direction
32
Pipe lengths installed in an excavation which encounter joint deflection
Must not be deflected to any greater degree than that recommended by the pipe manufacture
33
Which of the following does not materially affect the friction loss in a given length of pipe
Hardness of the water
34
Opening fire hydrant valves slowly is done to avoid
Hydraulic shock/ water hammer
35
Which of the following is recommended trench width for a 42-in diameter ductile-iron pipe
66 in.
36
Resistance to the flow of electricity is measured in
Ohms
37
In what type of system control is control achieved by a person operating the switches and levers to control equipment from the physical location of the equipment?
Direct Manuel
38
Packing material is found in the _______ of a pump
Stuffing box
39
The material pile from an excavated trench must be set back from the edge of the trench a minimum of
Two feet
40
DPD tests are used to measure
Residual chlorine levels
41
Due to health concerns, the type of pipeline joint that is no longer approved for use in the delivery of drinking water to the public is a
Lead joint
42
Where ground frost is expected, the riser pipes in a meter pit should be at least how far away from any wall of the meter box to prevent freezing?
1-2 in. (21-51 mm)
43
In which zone within a watershed or reservoir compound are the weeds that grow underwater and may cause taste or order problems found ?
Benthic zone
44
List three approaches to lowering the cost of power use
1 - Increasing system efficiency
2 - Spreading the pumping load more evenly throughout the day
3 - Reducing power-factor charges
45
When compared to the other types of microbiological organisms, viruses are
Much smaller in size
46
What is the most common Hypochlorinator problem?
Clogged equipment
47
In _______ , air from a compressor is mixed with water and flushed through mains of less than 4 in. (100 mm) in diameter
Air purging
48
System valve exercising, and routine preventative maintenance is more successful scheduled and recorded by which of the following methods
Central scheduling / filling system
49
One pound per square inch (PSI) of pressure will raise water
2.31 feet
50
In reference to the multiple-tube fermentation or membrane filter test, any sample that does not contain coliform bacteria is said to be
Negative
51
The lowest pressure point in the pump is the
Center of the impeller
52
A grade conflict with an existing gravity sewer on a new main construction project is best resolved by taking the following action
Keep the sewer line at grade, and run the water line at least 1 foot over the sewer line
53
The first layer of backfill if compaction is required for a newly installed pipe should come up to
The centerline of the pipe
54
What type of machine can be used to make a connection to a pressurized main and insert a corporation stop?
Wet drilling and tapping machine
55
Shoring systems fail due to
Incorrect installation
Misjudgment of soil conditions
Failure to take into consideration changing weather conditions or heavy loads in the area
56
Inorganic matter includes
Turbidity
57
The organization that serves as a statewide Notification Center for the location of all underground public utilities are, or maybe buried, is the
USA
58
Which type of relay is frequently used on large equipment to check whether all the current entering a system comes back out of the system ?
Differential relay
59
The main operating valve on a dry barrel hydrant is located
At the base
60
A water system is not required to take regular bacteriological samples if it is classified as a
Private system
61
When a metal is galvanized, it is coated with
Zinc
62
Who should inspect the work of a water storage painting contractor?
A qualified third party
63
The device at the end of a pump suction line to help maintain prime is called a
Foot valve
64
Wells collect water from underground sources after it has infiltrated through the soil long enough to
Experience natural filtering
65
The type of component that is used to control flow going into and out of an elevated storage reservoir is a(n)
Altitude-control valves
66
Turbine well pumps are generally installed with a ______ mounted on the discharge side
Venturi water meter
67
The EPA defines “primacy” as the
Responsibility for primary enforcement of the SDWA
68
The most efficient type of impeller is
Closed
69
With frame-mounted pumping systems, the power shaft from the motor is joined to the pump’a shaft with a
Coupling
70
The Surface Water Treatment Rule does not specify which of the following treatment technology?
Chloramine disinfection
71
Why are altitude valves used on water storage tanks?
To stop the flow of water into the tank when it is full
72
A storage reservoir that is taller than its diameter is called a(n)
Standpipe
73
What is the electronic standard range?
4-20 mA DC
74
With a three-phase electrical connection, the direction of current flow, and, therefore, the rotation of the motor, can be reversed by
Switching any two of the legs
75
Packing material joints should be staggered _______ apart from each other
90-120*
76
What is the highest power factor possible for a motor?
1.0
77
Which data category for water utility data sets includes the following maps layers: control information, planimetric features, and hydrology features?
Base data
78
The number of fusible plugs on a one ton gas chlorine cylinder is
6
79
The residual system pressure that should be maintained at all times, even during emergency conditions is
5 PSI
80
______ is the most common problem in the workplace
Miscommunication
81
Drinking water HPC tests must be no greater than
500 CFUs (colony forming units)
82
When reservoirs and deep lakes stratify over an extended period of time, which layer usually experiences the most constant temperature gradient, is generally anaerobic and should not be used as a source of raw water?
Hypolimnion
83
How long should the chlorine contact period be before flushing and testing
Usually 24 hours or longer if conditions are unsanitary
84
Due to inefficiencies inherent with centrifugal pumping systems, the maximum suction lift achievable is considered to be
15-20 feet
85
The common current SCADA signal stand is
4-20 mA
86
If the discharge valve is closed when a positive-displacement pump is activated, that result would be
Immediate damage to the pump due to excessive pressure
87
Bacteria are considered inactivated, or killed, when
They can no longer divide
88
Which of the following is not considered an installation detail that should be standardized?
Day’s of the week on which the meter may be read
89
The pumper port on a fire hydrant should face
The street
90
Valve and hydrant maps would show all of the following, except
Other underground utilities in the area
91
When compared to other types of microbiological organisms, giardia cysts are
Larger in size
92
What device consists of a coil of wire that moves when a current is passed through it, activating mechanical levers or switches?
Solenoid
93
Regrowths of organic found in potable water systems in pipelines and storage tanks are commonly referred to as
Biofilms
94
Large meters are usually tested at what percentage of their opening range?
5-10%
95
What are the methods for disinfecting pipelines ?
Continuous feed, slug and tablet method
96
Gas chlorine cylinder valves are designed to be fully open after
1/2 to one full turn
97
Which of the following is NOT a generally accepted method for compacting backfill?
Pressuring the pipe
98
Which type of distribution system configuration has interconnected mains?
Grid
99
All of the following are examples of water storage reservoirs found in the distribution systems, except for a:
Clearwell
100
A sensor that works by creating an electromotive force between two sides of different metals is called a
Thermocouple
101
The hydrologic cycles creates what primary sources of drinking water?
Groundwater and surface water
102
What type of water system uses wells, springs, or infiltration galleries as it’s source of supply?
Groundwater system
103
A split-case pump has 3 impellers. Which type of multistage pump is this?
Two stage
104
A component used is electrical systems to step-up or step-down voltage is a
Transformer
105
Prior to treatment, water is called
Raw water
106
Which of the following is the most common cause for surges in the distribution system?
Power failure shutting down a pump suddenly
107
Which of the following is not a type of worker protection used in trenches?
Mega-lug
108
Bacteriological tests are the same in that they must be
A minimum volume of 100 mL
Free of chlorine residual
Cooled to 4-10*C during transportation to a certified lab
109
Air relief valves in a distribution system, even if they also function as vacuum relief, are most commonly installed
At high points in the pipelines
110
The two basic units of measure when dealing with pumps are
Flow and pressure
111
Water systems are required to achieve at least ______ removal and/or inactivation of viruses between a point where the raw water is not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff and a point downstream before or at the first customer.
4 log
112
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to pipeline leakage in a distribution system?
The classification of the system
113
A compound meter would be the best choice for use in service when
A wide range of flows is required
114
Data manipulations using the basic elements of an automatic mapping/facility mapping/geographic information system (AM/FM/GIS) would include
Modeling and analysis
115
Smaller service meters should be maintained within an accuracy range of
+_ 1.5%
116
All of the energy required to move water from point A to point B is described as
Total dynamic head
117
Catholic production systems found in steel tanks and other systems components use sacrificial anodes made from
Magnesium
118
What is the principle cause of motor failure in three-phase pumps?
Phase balance
119
Which of the following is a type of joint for concrete piping?
Bell and spigot type
120
The statement, “Water does not pick up impurities” is
False
121
How is pipe strength expressed?
Tensile and flexural strength
122
The most important reason for painting fire hydrants is to
Protect against corrosion
123
The head against which pump must operate is
The sum of the static head and the friction head loss
124
What is the formula for calculating the quantity of water that flows through a pipe?
Q = A x V, or quantity of water = cross-sectional area of pipe x velocity of flow
125
When installing a meter, it should be positioned _____ for optimal performance
In a horizontal plane
126
What measures how acidic or how basic a solution is?
PH scale
127
A diffuser is commonly used during
Flushing
128
If an operator notices that an access ladder in a storage tank is extremely rusted, the best action to take would be
Report the problem so a cause can be determined
129
What term refers to a type of signal in which the electromotive force varies as the parameter being measured varies?
Voltage
130
Which of the following is a technique used to measure the concentration of organic compounds in water?
Gas chromatograph
131
Head-loss due to friction in pipelines increases as:
Time-in-service increases
132
An artesian spring or artesian well occurs when
Groundwater is under greater pressure than the atmosphere and rises above an upper confining surface
133
Red or rust water in a particular portion of a water distribution system can be due to
Low pH water in unlined ductile iron pipe
134
In general, fire hydrants are classified as either
Wet barrel or dry barrel
135
While pumping from well #1 the static level of well #2 drops. This condition is called
An overlapping field of influence
136
A measurement of 3.5 ppm is equal to
3.5 mg/l
137
A community water system must post the Consumer Confidence Report on a publicly accessible website if it serves more than
100,000 people
138
__________ systems have made possible the centralized monitoring and control of various distribution system components
Telemetry
139
“Red water” is usually caused by
Iron
140
The multiple tube fermentation test was developed in 1905. Since then other tests methods have also been approved for the bacteriological analysis of public water supplies. The main reason for additional procedures is that the newer methods
Provide results more quickly and with less possibility of interference
141
The temperature of groundwater is
Fairly constant
142
Organic matter may include
Algae, bacteria & fungi
143
When pressure testing a new pipeline, what is the usual minimum test pressure
150 psi or 1.5 times the operating pressure for 30 mins
144
Water behind a dam and above a water treatment plant has energy by virtue of its elevation. The difference in elevation is called elevation head or
Potential energy
145
Which of the following type of pipe is more prone to sliding out of a push-on joint if not firmly restrained?
Plastic pipe
146
A traffic cone can also be called a
Traffic delineation device
147
What are the basic components of every telemetry system?
Transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver
148
SCADA systems consist of which of the following distinct components?
RTUs, communications, master station, HMI
149
Natural water sources located underground are also known as
Aquifers
150
If water is leaking from a mechanical seal at a rate of 20 drops per minute, this is a sign that
The seal has failed
151
Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are two types of
Protozoa
152
The volute is specially designed to convert the velocity of a liquid into
Pressure
153
Turbidity is
The amount of suspended matter
Murky in appearance
An optical property
154
The service valve located in the street at the main is called a
Corp stop
155
The mixing of precipitation and gases in the atmosphere form
Acid rain
156
Traffic control systems are used at street work sites to
Protect equipment, protect pedestrians and motorist and protect the crew working
157
The maximum sustained flow possible from a well is mostly dependent upon the
Porosity and permeability of the ground material
158
The spinning component inside the pump case is called
An impeller
159
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s primary drinking water standards, what is the maximum contaminant level for alpha particles?
15 pCi/L
160
Blow-offs used at dead ends in a distribution system
Should be flushed regularly
161
When employees are working in a confined space that requires a permit, how many personnel are required to be present ?
3
162
A regulated organic contaminant concentration that exceeds the MCL
Is a Tier 2 violation requiring public notification within 30 days
163
Mechanical pump seals should be lubricated
Never
164
Which type of temperature sensor uses a semiconductive material?
Thermistor
165
One of the main hazards to be aware of when accessing water meters installed in the field is
Electric shock
166
What percentage of the total amount of water used in the United States is taken from groundwater sources?
35%
167
The presence of residual chlorine with the DPD test is indicated by a
Pink-red color change
168
As the total head on a system increases, the volume that a centrifugal pump delivers is reduced
Proportionately
169
The most common type of accident is
Trips/falls
170
The correct size of a thrust block is determined by calculating the
Amount of force being created
171
Coliform bacteria are considered to be
Non-ideal indicators
172
An example of a positive displacement pump is a
Reciprocating diaphragm pump
173
What decreases as velocity increases?
Pressure
174
For a motor with a three-phase electrical connection, if one of the phases fails, the motor would
Be damaged very quickly
175
Streams that are feed from surface water and flow only occasionally, such as after a rain storm, are referred to as
Ephemeral flowing
176
Which of the following is incorrect concerning a volute?
It is centered around the impeller
177
Larger service meters should be tested
More often than smaller meters
178
Which of the following methods for preventing external corrosion is only a short-term remedy?
Specifying extra thickness for pipe walls
179
Chlorine gas feed from a 150-lb cylinder should be limited to approximately
40 pounds per day
180
A pump loses its prime because the suction line has an air pocket. Which of the following is the best solution?
Open suction piping air bleed-off valves
181
The formations of corrosion products (rust) that develop on the interior surfaces of metallic pipelines are known as
Tubercules
182
With a parallel circuit, disconnecting one of more components will have the following effect on other components in the system
It will have no effect
183
Registers record the flow of water in
Gallons of cubic feet
184
Wear between the volute and impeller can be controlled with
Wearing rings
185
What happens to the pH level of water when HTH or liquid chlorine solutions are added?
It increases slightly
186
The best definition of a pathogen is
Organisms that cause disease in humans
187
A(n) _____ layout centers around a single arterial main, which decreases in size with length
Tree system
188
Regulations that govern US water supply and treatment are developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency under what act?
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
189
Before entering any room where gas chlorine is leaking from a container, if is required that an operator be trained to deal with hazards involving gas chlorine and be wearing
A Scott pack/SCBA
190
The pipeline joint that is composed of a bell, spigot, and rubber compression gasket is a:
Push-on joint
191
Groundwater is located
Beneath the earths surface
192
During re-paving of a street, valve box covers must be brought to the new street grade, otherwise depressions will exist. This is accomplished by installing
Additional grade extensions
193
The minimum amount of cover required for a pipeline installations throughout the distribution system is
30 inches
194
Deep water wells are
Less likely to be contaminated from surface sources then shallow wells
195
A pumps discharge will
Decrease as pressure increases
196
Which term is not used to describe centrifugal pump discharge flow?
Unilateral
197
The first indicator organism was
Klebsiella
198
Fire hydrants serve many purposes in a distribution system. One thing they are not used for is
Disinfection
199
A pH of 5.0 is
Acidic
200
Regarding fire flow, mains smaller than 6in should only be used
To complete a grid
201
Which type of service pipe material is no longer acceptable for drinking water?
Lead
202
The radiation term corresponding to an energy absorption of 100 ergs per gram of any medium is called a (n)
Rad.
203
System operators should take care to avoid creating ____ by always operating valves slowly
Water hammer
204
If a water system collects at least 40 samples per month for the analyses of total coliforms, what percentage of total coliforms positive samples are acceptable for the system to remain in compliance with the maximum contaminant level for total coliforms?
No more then 5%
205
Pumps are operated in a parallel configuration to meet varying
System demand
206
Under the Surface Water Treatment Rule, Coliform sample test results are reported as
Presence of absence
207
Which two disinfecting compounds are formed when chlorine mixes with water?
HOCI (hypochlorous acid)
| and OCl-.
208
The tap found upstream and at the throat of a Venturi meter are used to
Measure pressure
209
The person most responsible for your safety is
You
210
In 1962, the USPHS established concentration limits for constituents often found in water. Today, they are known as MCLs, which stands for
Maximum contaminant level
211
The amperometric titration method is the most accurate way to detect
Chlorine residuals
212
Which of the following is best or first choice corrosion-control method(s) to protect pipe?
Use of noncorrosive metals and/or mechanical coatings
213
The creation of centrifugal force results in a corresponding
Low pressure in the eye of the impeller
214
The most expensive part of a pipe installation is/are the
Excavation
215
Typhoid, dysentery, and cholera are all diseases causes by
Bacteria
216
Another term for percolation is
Recharge
217
The correct calculation of electrical power is
Watts = volts x amps
218
Which type of distribution system configuration has smaller mains that generally terminate as dead ends?
Tree system
219
Most chemical feed pumps are this type
Positive displacement
220
When pressure testing newly installed pipe according to AWWA standards, the following pressure should be reached and held for a period of 30 minuets
150 PSI or 1.5x system pressure
221
Which system would provide for a “soft start” to a motor?
Would-rotor induction motor and controller
222
One thing that should be done prior to the installation of a new fire hydrant in a distribution system service zone is
Call for utility locates
223
What is the most probable solution if sulfur bacteria are causing corrosion in the distribution system?
Routine use of disinfectant and penetrant
224
Impurities in water that comes from plants or animals are referred to as being
Organic
225
Fusible plugs are used on chlorine gas containers to
Allow a controlled release of the gas under extreme temperatures
226
When changing chlorine tanks, the chemical must be completely evacuated from the feed line before disconnecting by
Closing the tank valve first, then the water valve
227
The bearing at the back of the motor is known as
A thrust bearing
228
Leaking chlorine gas will form
A deadly yellow mist near the floor
229
The expansion ratio as chlorine changes state from liquid to gas is ______ gas for each part liquid
450
230
What is the maximum contaminant level for arsenic?
10 μg/L
231
Control systems consist of which of the following distinct components ?
Signal conditioners, actuators, and control elements
232
After flushing mains, nozzle caps should be tightened to the point that
Unauthorized person cannot remove them by hand
233
Cave-ins are dangerous due to the weight of soil which weighs approximately
100-135 lbs/cu.ft
234
What is the commonly accepted water velocity in water mains at maximum flows?
2-4 ft/sec
235
A valve located deep down in a valve box is operating using a:
Valve key that engages the operating nut
236
A _____ is a guideline that employees are expected to follow
Policy
237
Flow to a hydrant is controlled using a gate valve that may also be called a(n)
Auxiliary valve
238
The point in the service zone chosen for construction of water storage reservoirs in a distribution system would usually be
Opposite the main source of supply
239
Which organisms have the greatest resistance to chlorine?
Nematodes
240
A series pumping configuration is commonly used to
Increase pressure/head
241
Using past flow rate records for comparison, if current flow tests indicate a gradually decreasing flow rate, the problem is most likely
There has been increase in the roughness of the pipe interior
242
Poliomyelitis and hepatitis are examples of
Viruses
243
When water rights are acquired by diverting a water course and then putting it to beneficial use it is referred to as exercising
Appropriative rights
244
If special bedding material is required by the design engineer due to poor local soil conditions, the material should not contain granular material greater than
1 in.
245
Which type of relay is frequently used to detect power loss and initiate a switchover to another power source?
Voltage relay
246
Two 400 GPM pumps that discharge into the same header will produce a flow equal to
Some amount between 400 and 800 GPM
247
If sodium hypochlorite comes into contact with the skin, it should be immediately flushed with water for at least
15 mins
248
Reservoirs in a distribution system are used to store water so it’s available for
Peak demands
Emergency conditions
System flushing
249
The testing of nuclear weapons and development of nuclear power plants in the early 1960s prompted the establishment of
Radioactivity level standards and testing
250
To determine whether an intersection sewer line crosses over, or under, a water main, you should look at the ______ drawing
Profile
251
The inspection and replacement of damaged meter boxes on a regular basis is an example of
Preventative maintenance
252
Painting, including metallic and non-metallic coatings, chemicals that form protective films, and cathodic protection are all forms of
Corrosion control
253
Properly installed and adjusted packing will allow a small amount of leaking from the stuffing box. Quantified, the leakage should be approximately
30-60 drops per min
254
Fusible plugs are designed to melt at temperatures between
158-165*F
255
A small amount of water will recirculate in the volute at the
Cutwater
256
The height a liquid can be raised vertically can be given pressure is called
Pressure head
257
The amount of energy required to do 33,000 ft-lbs/min of work is equal to one horsepower. In electrical units, one horsepower is equal to
746 watts
258
Which of the following is not an approach to improve a motor’s power factor?
Decreasing the size of power lines and transformers
259
What type of pressure exits in water although the water does not flow?
Static pressure
260
The abbreviation HPC stands for
Heterotrophic plate count
261
A system that encounters meter freezing on a recurring basis should consider
Deepening service lines
262
When sizing water mains for anticipated velocity, they should be designed for a maximum velocity of about _______ FPS
5
263
The best definition of disinfection is
The process of inactivating pathogens
264
The statement that river water is not uniform in quality from day-to-day or hour-to-hour is
Always true
265
A ____ is used to communicate field information back to the main office and to order materials, organize field crews, and obtain easements?
Work order
266
Which of the following parameters can be used to accuracy measure flow?
Velocity
267
To avoid possible damage to system components due to cavitation, the type of valve that should not be used to throttle flow is
Gate valve
268
Pump packing should be
Tightened until about 60 drops per minuets appear
269
The size and capacity of a water distribution system is based largely on
Fire demand
270
A large water main under a busy downtown highway broke. After excavation, the line was inspected and determined to have suffered the effects of a shear break. That could have been caused by
Shifting of the earth
271
A water system using conventional filtration treatment does not have to use enhanced coagulation to achieve the total organic carbon (TOC) percent removal if
The treated water quarterly running average TOC is less than 2.0 mg/L
272
Most pumping systems utilize a separate motor and pump that are connected by a
Coupling
273
Examples of bacteria that constitute bio-films include
Citrobacter, enterobacter, and klebsiella
274
The maximum safe electrical flow through the human body is considered to be
10-20 mA
275
When controlling a remote site, many variables that must be monitored. For this reason, several signals need to be sent and received simultaneously over the same connection. One way to do this is through the use of
Full-duplexing
276
The role of the federal government in the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 is to
Set the National drinking water regulations and oversee the implementation of the act
277
Pipe for potable water may be
Installed 1 feet vertically above the sewer line
278
Polyvinyl chloride piping using solvent weld joints is more appropriate
Only for small lines
279
Capillary fringe is the
Porous material just above the water table which holds small quantities of water by capillary action
280
The component that is only found on a centrifugal pump is a
Rotating impeller
281
Water found in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs is called
Surface water
282
One reason ground water would be chosen as a raw water source instead of surface water is
Surface water has more turbidity
283
Packing material that has been properly installed and maintained is essential to efficient pump operation. Packing _____
Is lubricated by water from the seal water feed line
Prevents air from entering the volute
Provides a liquid seal along the shaft
284
A common use of ball valves in a distribution system is
As curb stops
285
Which type of valve would be particularly useful for throttling the flow of crossover liquids?
Pinch valve
286
A rectangular tank is going to be replaced with a cylindrical tank that holds the same volume of water at the same depth. Static pressure at the bottom of the new tank will be
The same as the static pressure at the bottom of the rectangular tank
287
Public water systems that cannot meet the required removal of total organic compounds (TOCs) can comply if the source-water TOC level is _______, calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
<2.0 mg/L
288
The current drawn by a motor the instant it is connected to the power source, called the locked-motor current, is usually _____ times the normal full-load current of the motor
5-10
289
Distribution system water storage tanks are commonly constructed from all of the following materials except
Gunite
290
Hydraulics is the study of
Fluids in motion and at rest
291
The velocity that should be reached or exceeded at all times in water distribution system pipelines to ensure proper flushing action
2 FPS
292
An arterial-loop layout for a drinking water distribution system that serves the public is generally considered better than a tree-type layout because it reduces the occurrence of
Dead-ends
293
What is the term for the part of the meter that displays the volume of water that has flowed through the meter ?
Register
294
Continuous chlorine residual monitoring is required where the water enters the distribution system under the Surface Water Treatment Rule when the
Population served is >3,300 people
295
Waterborne diseases like typhoid and cholera are caused by
Bacteria
296
____ is the speed at which water moves and is measured in ft/sec of m/sec
Velocity
297
An “overcurrent protection device” is a term that could be used to describe a
Fuse
298
What type of water system is established to serve widely spaced homes and communities in area having no available groundwater or having water if very poor quality?
Rural water system
299
Centrifugal pumps are classified as _________ energy pumps
Kinetic
300
The minimum distance between a well and any possible contamination areas such as septic tank leach fields is
50-100 feet
301
To avoid excessive friction headloss that will reduce flows through fire hoses, the recommended maximum distance between hydrants in distribution system is
500 feet
302
The primary reason for preventing cave-ins is to
Prevent injury and or loss of life
303
Mechanical seals are composed of two faces commonly made from
Carbon and ceramic
304
Which reaction will take longer with chlorine?
Organic material
305
The scale on a comprehensive map should not exceed 1 in =
1,000 ft
306
Mechanical seal
Do not leak water, leaking means broken
Not adjustment or maintenance required
307
Service lines are generally tapped approximately 45* down from the top of the main. Taps should not be done at the top due to
Air pockets carried along with the flow of the water
308
What happens to the pH level of water when gas chlorine is added?
It decreases slightly
309
The type of meter used to measure system flows that is highly accurate and does not require a reduction in pipeline diameter is a
Magnetic meter
310
The first action performed before working on an electrical component would be
De-energize the component
311
Most telemetry equipment transmit information by
Digital signals
312
An increase in turbidity levels would cause
An increase in demand
313
Small gas chlorine leaks can be detected with
Ammonia
314
What is the term for technique of monitoring several instruments over a single communications channel which a receiver that periodically asks each instrument to send current status?
Polling
315
When a system pressure at a service meter exceeds _______ the public water system purveyor should consider the use of PRVs to avoid causing damage to the customer’s plumbing fixtures
90 PSI
316
The pressure during the fire flow conditions should not drop below
20 psi
317
Although velocity head can usually be ignored, it should be considered when it is ___ to ___ percent of the pressure head
1,2
318
Valves should be exercised
At least once per year and critical valves inspected more often
319
Which type of pipe material is prestressed?
Steel cylinder
320
Water enters the intake of a pump as a result of
Pressure head
321
Leaks in a distribution system are best identified by
A combination of listening surveys and flow measurements
322
PVC, PE, PB, HDPE, and C-900 are all examples of
Plastic pipe
Pipe with a very high C factor (140-150)
Pipe which will not corrode under low pH conditions
323
In a typical water utility data set, property boundaries, easements, and right-of-ways are examples of
Land records data
324
When converting from US pipe sizes, what is considered the metric equivalent of 0.25 in.?
8mm
325
The containers used to collect water samples are supplied to the district by the
Testing laboratory
326
Taste and odor in water is frequently caused by
Algae
327
When using a tachometer, pump speed is measured in the following units
RPM
328
Backflow prevention programs are designed to protect the potable water supply from possible contamination. The greatest level of protection is achieved with a
Air-gap
329
In a Venturi, velocity in the throat _______ as pressure _______
Increases ——> decreases
330
The following valves are used as isolation valves
Butterfly, plug, globe, ball and gate valves
331
The formation and collapse of water vapor cavities is more commonly known as
Cavitation
332
It may be said that raw water sources which eventually serve the public are
Greater in amount of surface water used
333
Trenches over five feet in depth where trench walls are made up of loose soil are required by OSHA regulations to be
Braced and shored
334
MTF, MF, Clark’s p/A and MMO-MUG are all examples of laboratory analyses for
Coliform bacteria
335
Storage tanks may be damaged by high ground water levels creating forces great enough to lift or move these structures. The principle to be aware of here is
Buoyancy
336
A device that can be used to repair a cracked cast iron main is a
Split sleeve
337
Which of the following water storage facilities is mossy likely to contain nonpotable water ?
Emergency storage tanks
338
SCADA is an acronym that stands for
Supervisory control and data acquisition
339
The purpose of backfill material, which is placed around and over the pipe, is to
Provide support for the pipe
Provide lateral stability between the pipe and trench walls
Form a cushion over the pipe to prevent damage
340
What is available chlorine concentration used for disinfecting a water storage tank using a method that involves spraying or painting of all the interior tank surfaces?
200 mg/L
341
The device used to maintain electrical continuity between pipe sections is known as a
Jumper
342
Peak demand in a public water distribution system will occur at approximately what time of day?
6:00 - 8:00 P:M
343
In pumps with packing material, the lantern ring is located
Under the seal water feed line
344
Chlorine may self-combust if it comes into contact with
Fat/oil/grease
345
Flushing is usually conducted at what minimum velocity?
2.5 FPS for 2 or 3 complete changes of water in pipeline
346
Public water supplies are sampled for testing of a variety of constituents under State and Federal regulations. Samples must be taken, according to approved procedures, by
Water district personnel
347
A mechanical joint consists of the following parts
Flanged end, rubber gasket, gland/flower ring, and bolts
348
Which of the following would be classified as a “system defect “?
A customer’s pressurized system that effectively creates negative head in the main supply line (back pressure)
349
Distribution system water storage reservoirs are inspected and maintained on a regular basis to avoid:
Degradation of water quality
350
The shaft’s main function is to transmit _____ from the motor to the impeller
Torque
351
As meter age increases, wear also increases. The effect this will have on meter readings is?
Decreased accuracy
352
Proper installation practices for the Corey, gate, and compression types of fire hydrants would include
Thrust blocks
353
IOC means
Inorganic chemical
354
If a well pump increases its discharge and the dynamic (pumping) level in a well drops another 10 feet, the utility can also expect which of the following
An increase in operating costs
A greater volume of water from the well
An increase in maintenance costs
355
Analytical results of all samples received by the water supplier or wholesaler in a calendar month must be reported to the department no later that which day of the following month?
Tenth
356
Certain bacteria, though not harmful, may produce false Coliform testing results when they are present in large quantities. The test that is done to measure these constituents in water is
HPC
357
Which type of relay is often used where local power generation is involved and on synchronous motor starters to sense when the motor has reached synchronizing speed?
Frequency relay
358
The Insurance services office (ISO) recommends that looped mains connected to hydrants be no less than ______ in diameter and non-looked mains be no less than ______ in diameter
6 inch; 8 inch
359
The extinguisher that would be used on an electrical fire is
Class C
360
A portable ladder must extend _____ feet above trench grade
3 feet
361
Standard trade practice is to backfill water lines in layers with select backfill or stand to a minimum depth of six inches. The first layer is tamped after filling the trench
The the center (spring line)
362
The purpose for installing gate valves in public drinking water distribution system is to
Isolate portions of the system when needed
363
The force of a flow of electricity is measured in
Volts
364
Which of the following needs to be determined first when designing a pump station?
Head requirements
365
The flange that connects the upper and lower section of a fire hydrants barrel should be located at a point that is _________ above grade
Two inches
366
In what type of water distribution layout are all ends of the mains connected to eliminate dead ends?
Grid system
367
A (n) _____ provides a step-by-step response to, and recovery from, incidents related to emergencies
Emergency response plan
368
A split-case pump has two equal smaller impellers placed on either side of the two equally sized large impellers. How many stages does this pump have?
Two stages
369
Wearing rings are designed to
Maintain pump efficiency
370
The white powder or tablet included in Coliform bacteria sampling containers is
Sodium thiosulfate
371
Some phase imbalance occurs in any three-phase circuit, but it should not generally exceed what percentage ?
5%
372
When a new chlorine gas cylinder is put into service, it is important to
Always replace the old washer with a new one
373
The source of all enteropathogenic microorganisms is
The intestinal systems of warm-blooded animals and humans
374
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s primary drinking water standards, what is the maximum contaminant level goal for copper?
1.3 mg/L
375
What term refers to the highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water
Maximum residual disinfectant level (MRDL)
376
The rooms where chlorine gas is applied to water must be vented
Six to twelve inches from the floor
377
bernoulli's law
As velocity goes up pressure goes down
As pressure goes up velocity goes down
378
What is the term for water use during the 24 hours of highest demand during the year?
Maximum day demand
379
The principal factor that produces maximum bacteriological growth is
Optimum temperature
380
Where should fire extinguishers be kept?
Near at hand and ready for use
381
How many timers higher than the normal operating pressure should the pressure rating of distribution system piping be?
2.5-4
382
Packing
Leaks water for cooling
Needs to be adjusted
Maintenance required but long lasting
383
An advantage that current-type water meters offer when compared to positive displacement meters is the
Ability to measure high-volume flow in 3-inch and larger pipelines
384
The resistance of a material to longitudinal pulling forces before it breaks is called
Tensile strength
385
Sacrificial anodes are also called
Galvanic anodes
386
One of the most important functions and the major part of the work day for a manager of a water utility or distribution system is involved in
Planning
387
The self-contained breathing apparatus at as fast chlorine station should always be stored
On the outside wall, but in the immediate area of the chlorine room
388
How does hydrogen sulfide gas kill a person?
Paralyzes the respiratory system
389
Which source of water is most likely to be free of turbidity and microorganisms?
Ground water
390
The flow of electric current is measured in
Amps
391
When hydrogen ions (H+) are combined with hydroxide ions (OH-) _________ is formed
Water
392
Which type of pipe joint is available in both bolted and boltless flexible pipe joint designs
Ball-and socket joint
393
Velocity head represents a(n) __________ loss in pumping systems
Very small
394
To avoid vortexing, a pumps suction intake should be submerged at lest
Six times the diameter of the suction line below the waters surface
395
Systems that must use pumps to create pressure due to minimal variations in elevation of the local terrain rely on the principle of
Pressure head
396
Whenever 150-lb chlorine cylinders are being moved or stored, use a hand truck and chain at a point
1/3 of the way down from the top
397
Chlorine gas feed from a ton cylinder should be limited to approximately
400 pounds per day
398
Operators must balance satisfying regulations on the amount of certain chlorinated organic compounds with
Meeting disinfection limits
399
The safety equipment that must be worn when entering any room where gas chlorine is being fed should be stored
Immediately outside the room
400
Most centrifugal pumps
Are non-self-priming
401
In what type of system control achieved entirely by machines or computers, without human intervention, under normal conditions?
Automatic
402
The upper surface of the zone of saturation in an unconfined aquifer is called the
Groundwater table
403
A significant disadvantage when using asbestos cement (AC) pipe is distribution system is
Health concerns when cutting or handling
404
Electrical continuity between sections of metallic pipeline during repair can be achieved with the use of
A jumper
405
Where do good public relations start for a water quality?
Through dedicated service-oriented employees
406
Noise levels equal to ______ dB continuously for eight hours will damage hearing painless, progressively, and permanently
90
407
What is the main purpose(s) of the meter yoke?
Provide proper alignment and support for the meter
408
A mechanical device that drives, lifts, or applied pressure to a fluid is called a
Pump
409
The scattering of light by the particles in the water is an optical property based upon the turbidity caused by
Silt and clay
410
Which type of relay is placed on each phase of a power supply to open a control circuit and stop a motor, if the current becomes excessive?
Thermal-overload relay
411
Before taking any water quality sample, the sample container should be prepared by
Use the container as prepared and sealed by the lab
412
Which of the following is a potential biological biotoxin threat?
Ricin
413
What is the general term of an organized, typically computerized, way for a utility to keep track of its maintenance needs?
Maintenance management system
414
The IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) value for chlorine, set by the National Institution of Occupational Safety and Health, is
10 ppm
415
Which of the following is not an example of a series pumping configuration
Two pumps that discharge into a common header
416
Centrifugal force is generated from
The center of a rotating element
417
Which is not a type of water right?
Apparent
418
Which layer of a lake is considered “nutrient poor”?
Hypolimnion
419
Copper Sulfate is used in lake management to __________
Control algae blooms
420
The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires that (removal rating)
3-log removal 99.9% for Giardia, 4-log removal 99.99% for virus
3g 4V
421
The process by which plants give off moisture into the atmosphere is called
Transpiration
422
An Appropriative Right is defined as what type water use right
Beneficial use right
423
A transmission main is a water main that
Is normally large in size & has very little service connections
424
What well measurements must be known to calculate the specific capacity for a well?
Drawdown and discharge capacity
425
A map containing the size, location, and ties of water mains; valves; hydrants; tanks; and reservoirs is called a
Comprehensive map
426
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, Lead Free means
Provide the use of lead in the system meets certain percentage levels
427
A device used to check flows in a distribution system is called a
Pitot gauge
428
Generally, a hydrant log should be kept whenever a hydrant is taken out of service. At a minimum the log should include
Date of time when it was placed out of service
Name of party contacted
Date and time when it was returned into service
429
The type of hydrant that has a wet-top whereby the threaded end of the main rod and operating nut are not sealed from water when the main valve is open is the _______ hydrant
Dry-barrel
430
Standard pumper-connection fire hydrants should not be installed on water mains smaller than _____ inches in diameter
6 inches
431
The type of corrosion caused by the use of dissimilar metals in a water system is
Galvanic series
432
In the distribution system flows should not exceed
5 FPS
433
The Nutating-Disc meter is classified as a _______ meter
Positive - displacement
434
A direct water connection to a boiler containing a highly corrosive scale prevention compound must be protected by a (an)
Pressure-type vacuum breaker
435
A cross-connection is defined as a connection between
A potable water system and non-potable water system
436
An air-gap technique is used to
Prevent backflow of non-potable water into drinking water supply
437
An approved device to prevent backflow and backsiphonage is a
Double check valve
438
A tank containing industrial solvent is under constant pressure. An employee accidentally opens a valve that is connected to a potable water system. Pressure in the tank forces the solvent into potable water system. That is called
Back pressure
439
What is the one major difference between a double check (DC) valve and a Reduced Pressure (RP) device?
An RP device is used for toxic substances and a DC is used for non-toxic substances
440
A cross connection prevention program is
A shared responsibility by the utility and business owner
441
What is an example of an acute violation?
Occurrence of decal coliform/E.Coli
And
Violation of the MCL for Nitrate
442
What is the primary role of a State that has accepted primacy?
Implementing the requirements of the state drinking water program
443
Which is not a class of public water systems covered by the Safe Drinking Water Act?
Transient, community water system
444
How many service connections or persons must a water system serve for at least 60 days or more annually to qualify as a public water system under the SDWA?
15 connections or 25 persons
445
If a water system fails to conduct the required water quality analysis (I.e bad-t’s) what action will the state generally direct the system to take?
Provide public notification
446
There are several factors that could affect the accuracy of a meter. Even something as simple as location can have an effect due to _________
Turbulence
447
The type of hydrant that has valves located at each individual outlet is called the _______ hydrant
Wet- barrel
448
A compound meter consists of both large turbine meter and a small bypass meter. The bypass meter will usually be of the __________ type
Positive displacement
449
After a water main has been de-pressured for repairs then operator should?
Flush the line, collect special bac-t sample, and return to service
450
A well that provides drinking water to a school in a rural area with less than 15 service connections is classified as a ?
Non-transient non-community water system
451
Sewer lines should be separated from potable water mains by at least ______ vertical and ______ parallel
1 foot and 10 feet
452
Which of the following is not used as a line valve in water system ?
Rising stem gate
453
Which of the following microbiological organisms is a Protozoa?
Giardia lamblia
454
Back-siphonage and back pressure in water systems can cause reverse flow conditions, which assembly is not used for both the above condition?
Atmosphere vacuum breaker
455
A water audit consists of the following techniques
Using standard accounting principles to determine the cost of water lost
Conducting field tests with work crews to gather information on leaks
Using listening devices and flow measurements
Testing meters for accuracy
456
Minimum recommenced set-back for a fire hydrant to the curb face is?
28”
457
A theoretical line measured from the center line of a water main is called
Spring line
458
The lower the C-Factor, the _____ the inside of the pipe
Rougher
459
The tensile strength of pipe material is the ability to
Stretch or pull without breakage
460
The flexural strength of pipe material is the ability to
Twist or bend without breakage
461
The AWWA recommended water main flushing velocity for bio-film removal is?
Greater than 5 FPS
462
Which end of a water main is filled with an O-ring or gasket to make a water right seal?
Bell-end
463
What is not used to determine the size of the water main?
Area of property
464
A theoretical line connecting two water surface elevation together is called the?
Hydraulic grade line
465
A small piece of metal cut from a metallic water main examined for corrosion is called a ?
Corrosion coupon
466
The pH scale ranges from _____ to _____
0-14
467
Which of the following are considered physical characteristics of water?
Color, odor, taste, temperature, and turbidity
468
Which of the following is a health related primary acute toxic contaminant?
Nitrate
469
A ___________ is an instrument for measuring and comparing the turbidity of liquids by passing light through then and determining how much light is reflected by the particles in the liquid
Turbidimeter
470
Black stains on plumbing fixtures can be attributable to
Manganese
471
Red water stains in a water system can be attributable to
Ferric iron
472
When certain organic precursors (humid and fulvic acids) and chlorine combine together in water during disinfection, by-products can be formed. These organic by-products are called?
Trihalomethanes
473
An indicator organism commonly used to determine drinking water contamination is
Coliform bacteria
474
Hardness in drinking water is mainly caused by
Calcium and magnesium
475
Which of the following is responsible for a rotten egg order in water?
H2S (hydrogen sulfide)
476
Fluoride is applied to drinking water to
Help prevent tooth decay
477
When pH increases which of the following chemical compound can precipitate a thin layer of (scale) of the interior of water mains?
Calcium carbonate
478
An eccentric reducer on horizontal split case pumps is located on the
Suction side of the pump
479
What is the MCL for nitrates as nitrogen in drinking water?
10ppm
480
A trench must be shored if it is ________ feet deep or deeper
5 or depends on soil conditions
481
When employees are working in trenches requiring a means of escape (such as ladder of steps) the exits must be located no more than ______ apart
25 feet
482
A portable ladder must extend _____ feet above the upper surface of an excavated trench
3
483
Copper and lead found in drinking water is mainly due to?
Customers plumbing
484
Hard water caused by calcium and magnesium can?
Increase soap consumption
485
Oxygen levels should always be monitored while working in a permitted confine space area. The oxygen levels for safe entry are?
19.5% low and 23.5% high
486
OSHA considers an open trench _______ or deeper a possible hazardous atmosphere condition
4 feet
487
OSHA requires tool-box, tail-gate meeting time be conducted a minimum of ______ days for field workers
10 days
488
The minimum height for delineator type poles used for traffic control is?
36 inches
489
The main purpose for adding sodium thiosulfate to bacteriological samples bottles is
To neutralize and chlorine present in the water collected
490
Which method is most commonly used to measure chlorine residuals in a water distribution system?
DPD, colorimeter method
491
What are acceptable and practical forms of public notification for most water systems for acute violations?
Main, newspaper, radio broadcast
492
Which of the following gases is called the silent killer?
Carbon monoxide
493
Which pump below is a positive displacement pump?
Diaphragm
494
Which type of chlorine gas problem could be most dangerous to deal with?
Chlorine room fire
495
Which of the following is AWWA C-651 water main disinfection method for disinfecting the interior walls of water mains?
50ppm/24 hrs.
496
Any chlorine measured or remaining after the chlorine is applied to water using the DPD field method is called the?
Chlorine residual
497
Chlorine containers commonly used at water treatment plants are equipped with fusible metal plugs as safety relief devices. These fusible metal plugs are designed to melt at what range of temperatures?
158-165 F
498
Calcium hypochlorite
Is usually supplied as a tablet, granular or powder form
Is a chlorine compound used in hypochlorination
Can be stored for long period of time in dark, dry storage
499
How many pounds of chlorine gas per day can be withdrawn from a 150-pound chlorine cylinder, safely operating at a normal room temperature?
40 pounds
500
Which two acids are produced when chlorine is applied in water?
Hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids
501
Which of the following disinfection methods provides the longest lasting residual in a wager system?
Chloramination
502
The maximum safe gas withdraw rate from a one-ton chlorine cylinder at ambient temperatures, without freezing, is about
400 lbs. per day
503
Which is not a method used to disinfect new water mains?
Ultra-violet light
504
Repaired mains, requiring de-pressurization, should be
Flushed
Disinfected
Bacteriological sampled
505
Water main with a “C” Factor value of 90 is considered?
Slightly rough
506
If the water is being chlorinated to accomplish the degree of treatment desired and to maintain the residual chlorine after a specified contact time, sufficient chlorine dosage must be added to satisfy the
Chlorine demand
507
TDS levels of 1000 mg/L is considered
Unfit for human consumption
508
Disease causing bacteria are called ?
Pathogenic
509
Large chlorine leaks may be easily identified by the human nose, but in order to detect small leaks and operator must use a solution of
Ammonia hydroxide vapor
510
The recommended minimum chlorine dosage applied to a well that is going back into service after repair is ?
50 ppm
511
Which part of a centrifugal type pump spins inside the pump case and converts velocity head to pressure head?
Impeller
512
The purpose of adding more stages (pump bowls) to a deep well turbine pump assembly is?
Increase discharge head
513
Excessive slip and/or internal circulation inside a pump case can cause loss of efficiency due to?
Excessive leakage through the wear rings
514
What is not a positive displacement type pump?
Centrifugal
515
Which type of valve can be used for tank level control?
Altitude valve
516
A transducer is a mechanical device that?
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy proportionally using 4-20 mA
517
A class D type fire involves
Metal
518
When a centrifugal pump is making loud a loud pinging noise this is most likely due to?
Cavitation
519
When adjusting the pump packing on a horizontal type centrifugal pump the operator should tighten the follower to?
Allow a slight drip (6 to 10 drops/min)
520
Wear rings in a centrifugal type pump are designed to?
Prevent impeller and pump case wear
521
A procedure (MEG) used for checking the insulation resistance on motors, feeders, bus bar systems, ground, and branch circuit wiring uses an instrument called a?
Megger
522
The difference between the static groundwater level and the pumping level is the
Drawdown
523
A customer complaint about the presence of brown floc in tap water can best be handled by
Investigating the problem as soon as possible
524
The term “Aquifer” related to which of the following?
Groundwater
525
One indication of corrosive water is a high concentration of
Carbon dioxide
526
Cathodic protection means protection against
Corrosion
527
The primary reason for the use of a dry barrel fire hydrant is to
Keep the hydrant from freezing
528
The component parts of a well include all of the following except
Pressure switch
529
At the same barometric pressure, the amount of dissolved oxygen in cold water tends to be _______ the amount of dissolved oxygen in warm water
More than
530
Which of the following is the principal constituent in water that causes corrosion of metals
Dissolved oxygen
531
Which component of a centrifugal pump moves the water?
Impeller
532
Velocity of flow in mains is usually expressed in terms of
Feet per second
533
A “competent person” at an excavation work site
Is capable of identifying hazards and has the authority to take corrective measures
534
Hydrogen sulfide gas smells like
Rotten eggs
535
Which of the following methods can be used to remove high iron content from a well supply?
Oxidation and filtration
536
Hardness may be expressed in
Milligrams per liter as CaCO3
537
The basic unit of electrical power is
watt
538
Check valves are used to
Permit flow in only one direction
539
The water table is defined as the
Upper surface of the groundwater
540
The shaft speed of an electric motor is most commonly expressed in units of
Revolutions per minute
541
A coupon test installation is a distribution system is used to
Determine the rate of scaling or corrosion
542
Normally, surface water and groundwater have s pH range of
6.8 to 8.5
543
What is the best definition of turbidity in water?
Anything in water that scatters light
544
A “competent person” must inspect excavations and adjacent areas for hazards
Daily, prior to the start of the work, and as he needed throughout the shift
545
Reciprocating positive-displacement pumps are also known as
Piston pumps
546
Moderately hard water will have a hardness range of _____mg/l as calcium carbonate
61-120
547
A common method for removing hydrogen sulfide from water is
Aeration
548
The treatment process designed to kill pathogenic organisms is
Disinfection
549
Lead in drinking water can result in
Impaired mental functioning children
550
A disease that might be transferred to a new victim through water is
Typhoid
551
An average percentage range for unaccounted-for water in a fully metered system is
11 to 15%
552
A cross-connection is defined as a connection between
A potable water system and nonpotable water system
553
Backsiphonage is caused by
Partial vacuum in the line
554
When the pumping rate is increased, the effect on the cone of depression is to
Lower the pumping level
555
The purpose of a surge tank is to
Control water hammer
556
The presence of total Coliforms in drinking water indicates
The potential presence of pathogens
557
The primary origin of coliforms in water supplies is
Fecal contamination by warm-blooded animals
558
The primary source of trihalomethanes in drinking water is
The reaction of chlorine compounds and organic matter
559
The purpose of the fusible plug on a chlorine tank is to
Prevent the cylinder from exploding at high temperatures
560
The primary health risk associated with synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) is
Cancer
561
The primary source(s) of synthetic organic compound (SOC) contamination in water supplies is (are)
Industrial solvents and agricultural pesticides
562
Water samples are analyzed for the coliform group of bacteria because these bacteria
Indicate the possible presence of disease causing organisms
563
Pressure in a pipeline may be affected by
Friction and elevation
564
What is the difference between a maximum contaminant level (MCL) and a secondary maximum containment level (SMCL)
MCL relate to health effects, while SMCLs relate to aesthetic concerns
565
The purpose of an electric lockout device is to
Positively prevent the operation of an electric circuit
566
The maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) of known or probable carcinogens is
Zero
567
A public water system must comply with safe drinking water act regulations based on
Population range, size of the community, financial ability
568
An objectionable feature of iron and manganese in water is
Staining of fixtures
569
Sodium hypochlorite is
A compound that can be purchased in liquid solution and can be used for disinfection
570
The abbreviation “DO” stands for
Dissolved oxygen
571
High nitrate concentrations in water can affect
Infants
572
When installing service lines, it is a good practice To provide for movement due to soil settling by installing which of the following?
Bend or gooseneck in the pipe
573
The metal strip in an electrical fuse will melt from the heat caused by
High amperage demands
574
A trench must be shored if it is ______ feet deep or deeper
5 feet
575
And approve device used to prevent backflow and backsiphonage is a
Vacuum breaker
576
Disc-type meters are classified as _____ meters
Positive - displacement
577
Distribution system components from various manufacturers are compatible because of
AWWA standards
578
The performance curve of a pump reflects
Pump capacity, pump efficiency, pump horsepower
579
If the pump bearings on a horizontal centrifugal pump’s are over lubricated, the most important effect is that the extra lubricant
May cause overheating and possible failure of the bearings
580
Flexible couplings used to connect the motor and the pump shaft transmit
Power efficiently and effectively from one shaft to the other
581
A vacuum is formed in the chlorinator by the
Pressure differential through the ejector
582
The rated flow of a water meter, as stated by the manufacturer, is based on ________ flow
Continuous
583
In general, a pH of treated water below 6.5 indicates
Corrosive water
584
A larger C value in pipes indicates it is
Smoother inside
585
If water flowing in a 6-inch pipe diameter pipe is discharged into a 4-inch diameter pipe, the velocity will
Increase approximately twice
586
Which SDWA rule provides for action levels instead of maximum contact levels
Lead and copper
587
The most widely used type of prime mover in a pumping station is a
Electric motor
588
Hydrostatic pressure testing is the process used to test
Leakage in the pipe
589
To repack a buried gate valve, the valve must be
Fully open
590
Centrifugal pump parts include
Volute
591
In order to comply with safety regulations, all couplings and pumps must be
Guarded
592
According to the safe drinking water act, bacterial logical samples should be collected at
Representative points in the distribution system
593
How often should a sealed ball bearing in an electrical motor be lubricated?
Never
594
A maintenance and inspection program for storage tanks and reservoirs is performed
Every other year
595
Which of the following would be classified as a positive displacement pump?
Reciprocating pump
596
The pH of water may be reduced by adding
Carbon dioxide
597
Proper alignment between two shaft can be checked using a
Straight edge and feeler gauge
598
Two fundamental treatment requirements for public water system is using surface water sources are
Disinfection and filtration
599
The maximum contaminant level for total trihalomethanes is
0.10 mg/L
600
An amperometric titrator is used to measure
Chlorine residual
601
A direct water connection to a boiler containing a scale prevention compound must be prevented by a(n)
Air gap
602
The multiple tube fermentation test method consists of three tests—— the presumptive, the completed, and the ____ test
Confirmed
603
A characteristic that distinguishes a strong acid from a weak acid is the
Degree of ionization
604
Final determination of vulnerability is made by
The primary agency
605
If solids and Water have an average specific gravity of 1.20, they are
20% heavier than water
606
Static head is the
Pressure due to the death or elevation of water
607
What is the minimum length of time water must remain motionless in pipes prior to first-draw residential lead sampling
6 hours
608
The lead and copper or specifies that all public water systems must initially monitor for lead content by collecting samples from
High risk residences
609
Wearing rings are installed in a pump to
Minimize internal water leakage
610
Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) are required for
All chemicals used in the workplace regardless of hazards
611
Cavitation pumps is caused by
Flow rates considerably higher than design flows
612
When the static level of the ground water is 50 feet below the ground surface, the most suitable type of pump is a(n)
Turbine pump
613
Flammable liquids are those that have flash points
Below 100°F
614
Under the safe drinking water act, lead free means
Up to 8% lead content in pipes/fixtures and 0.2% lead content in solder
615
A possible water supply pipe discharges into an arrogation water storage tank. The pipe should be
Above the overflow level of the tank by several pipe diameters
616
The minimum pressure required in a water distribution system is
20 pounds per square inch
617
Which valve is most suitable for a throttling application
Ball valve
618
Where shit in a release valve be placed on a water main
The top
619
Under the lead and copper rule, all large public water systems (serving >50,000 people) are required to
Conduct corrosion control studies
620
Community water systems that add a disinfectant to water and serve a population of _________ Or more are required to monitor for total trihalomethanes
10,000
621
To minimize iron from precipitating in the distribution system, _______ is decreased
Carbon dioxide
622
When using a fire hydrant, the valve should be opened
To the full open position
623
The discharge flow rate of a piston type pump
Is constant at a constant speed
624
Single phasing of a motor means
Loss of one power phase
625
The angle of repose is the angle of slope of
Unsupported loose soil
626
What affects the flow capacity of an installed pipe line?
Pipe size, pipe material, and grade
627
Alkalinity in water serves as
A measure of the water capacity to neutralize acid
628
The advantage of a balanced mechanical seal is that
The wearing force between the ground surface does not vary regardless of the suction head
629
Disinfection residuals for surface water supplies must be measured at the entry point to the distribution system. The minimum acceptable residual is
0.2 mg/L
630
What is an example of an acute violation
A positive sample for total coliform when E. coli are present
631
What happens to a pump if the back pressure on the pump is allowed to drop too low in the pump is operating for a prolonged period of time
Efficiency will drop off and the pump will heat up
632
What must be checked when doing maintenance on pneumatic controllers?
Air supply availability
633
Under the safe drinking water act, if the maximum contaminant level for nitrates or nitrites is exceeded, notice must be given to the public by broadcast media within
72 hours
634
When the pump is leaking excessively around the packing gland, the operator shit first turn the pump off and
Tighten the packing gland
635
The maximum contaminant level for copper is based on the concern that excessive copper ingestion may cause
Stomach and intestinal distress
636
As water temperatures decrease, The disinfection action of chlorine
Decreases
637
If the amperage drawn by a centrifugal pump is lower than what is normal for that pump, one possible cause is
A closed valve on the discharge side of the pump
638
Improper rotation in a centrifugal pump may cause
Impeller spin off
639
Hydrogen sulfide may be eliminated from a water supply by
Aeration
640
Which type of test kit is used to determine chlorine residuals
DPD
641
When testing for chlorine residuals at various points in the distribution system, it is most important to
Perform each test at the time the sample is collected
642
Which type of valve on the discharge side of the pump is most effective in reducing pressure surges when starting or stopping the pump
Controlled globe valves
643
Water flows in pipes under pressure are measured by
Orifice meters
644
The purpose of a bypass valve in a larger size gate valve is to
Equalize pressure on both sides on a larger gate
645
Giardia Cysts may be removed from the surface water source using which of the following methods?
Chlorination and filtration
646
Bubbler tube level sensing transmitters are placed
Anywhere inside tank
647
Which disinfectant residual causes chlorinous taste or older problems?
Dichloramine
648
The germicidal effect of chlorine is believed to be a result of which of the following
Penetration of the cell wall and attack of a critical cell enzyme
649
Which is the best method to remove sand from water
Provide a settling tank
650
Iron and manganese form insoluble compounds by reacting with
Dissolved oxygen
651
Sodium thiosulfate is added to a microbiological sample in order to
Remove any chlorine residual present
652
Chlorine feed room should be
Ventilating near the floor level
653
The two major requirements incising a household service are adequate
Pressure and flow rate
654
Which type of ductile iron pipe joint is primarily used for river crossings and underwater intakes, and occasionally in rough terrain
Ball and socket
655
In general, the trench should be no more and how many feet wider than the pipe diameter
1 to 2 feet
656
Vacuum breakers are designed to be used on piping connections where
Back pressure will not exist
657
Push joints should not be used if the following conditions exist
The pipe must be pushed on at an Ingle
658
And arterial loop distribution system has flow from how many directions
4
659
As the temperature of water increases, the disinfecting action of chlorine is
More effective
660
Large for storage tanks are typically disinfected with the chlorine residual of
10 mg/L
661
Why is a well acidified
Increase the wells productivity
662
What is the recommended minimum contact time when disinfecting water mains with the chlorine slug method
Three hours
663
What best defines the cone of depression
Depression around the well of the water surface caused by pumping water from the well
664
What is the term for Water samples collected at regular intervals and combined in an equal volume with each other
Time composite samples
665
What chemical is present in a bacteria sample bottle for the purpose of neutralizing chlorine
Sodium thiosulfate
666
Chlorine neutralizer is necessary when a treated water sample is to be analyzed for
Bacteria
667
The residual drawdown of a well is defined as
Water level below the normal level that persist after a well pump has been off for a period of time
668
The quantity of oxygen that can remain dissolved in water is related to
Temperature
669
What is the potential cross connection hazard from sprinkler systems
High
670
Air relief valve are installed two
Vent air that has accumulated in the well column while the well is not in use
671
After a new Watermain is installed and pressure tested it should be
Filled with a solution of 25 ppm to 50ppm free chlorine for at least 24 hours prior to Flushing
672
A saddle should be used for
Taps larger than 1 inch on pipes smaller than 6 inches
673
What type of rupture or breakage may occur when a pipe is on evenly supported along its length
Beam breakage
674
Prestressed pipe is reinforced with
Wire strands under tension
675
What is the AWWA Recommended maximum distance between valves in a residential area
1000 feet
676
How many inches above the ground surface should the breakaway flange on fire hydrants be located
2 inches
677
A fire hydrant should have _______ Installed between it and the main
An auxiliary valve
678
What backflow prevention device has a center relief valve
Reduced pressure backflow assembly
679
How many valves should be installed on main intersections
Three valves
680
Which type of hydrant has no main valve but has a separate valve for each nozzle
Wet barrel
681
What is the maximum theoretical suction left of a centrifugal pump at sea level
34 feet
682
What type of motor is the simplest of all AC motors, with the rotors consisting of a series of bars placed in slots
Squirrel cage
683
What type of cleaning plug has hardened steel or silicone carbide wire brushes
Scraping pig
684
For best results, what is the minimum flushing velocity when using the unidirectional flushing method
5FPS
685
Which type of level sensor requires an air supply
Bubbler tube
686
What type of motor is used when infrequent starting is required and the load needs to be brought up to speed very quickly
Capacitor start
687
Which type of level sensor has contained air connected to a pressure transducer via a tube
Diaphragm element
688
What of instrumentation Should be used to monitor distant locations
Telemetry system
689
What type of valve should be used when it becomes necessary to supply water at different pressure zones
Pressure reducing
690
Which of the following pumps should be used to increase pressure at large distribution systems
Vertical turbine
691
AWWA recommends 5/8 inch meters be tested every
10 years
692
What is the term for electro chemical corrosion caused by the joining of two different metals
Bimetallic corrosion
693
Depending on its concentration and length of exposure, which of the following gases can cause lung and skin irritation
Chlorine
694
What class of fire involves electrical equipment
Class C
695
OSHA is the acronym for
Occupational safety and health administration
696
Which of the following provides a profile of hazardous substances or mixtures
MSDS
697
And atmosphere is defined as oxygen decision if it contains less than what percent oxygen by volume
19.5%
698
Under any soil conditions, cave in protection is required for trenches or excavations that our how many feet deep
5 feet
699
Which of the following is colorless, odorless, lighter than air, highly flammable, and sometimes called Swamp gas
Methane
700
Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) are required for
All chemicals used in the work place regardless of Hazzard
701
Fire protection facilities for each community are evaluated by
ISO
702
Continued inhalation of radon gas is considered to contribute to which of the following
Lung cancer
703
When work is being performed in Streets, the flagman should be positioned at least how many feet in front of the workspace
100 ft
704
Which health effects category refers to an organic chemical that is a known carcinogen
Category 1
705
The most common water complaints are taste, odor, and
Colored water
706
What US agency establishes drinking water standards
USEPA
707
According to the US EPA regulations, the owner or operator of a public water system that fails to comply with applicable monitoring requirements must give notice to the public within
3 months of the violation in a daily newspaper in the area service system
708
What is the maximum contaminant level goal for chloride
250 mg/L
709
The national primary drinking water regulations apply to drinking water contaminants that may have adverse affects on
Human health
710
Which of the following is considered an acute risk to health
Two tier 1 violations
711
Records on turbidity analysis should be kept for a minimum of
Five years
712
What is the difference between a primary standard and a secondary standard
Primary standard refer to substances that are thought to pose a threat to human health, secondary standards do not
713
What type of computer software is recommended for maintaining records such as turbidity levels
Database
714
Records on bacterial logical analysis should be kept for a minimum of
5 years
715
What is the action level for lead
.015 mg/L
716
How must water systems serving a population over 10,000 distribute the consumer confidence report to customers
Mail
717
Which of the following is typically associated with trihalomethanes
Water with organics that has been chlorinated
718
Which of the following mandates the language and methods for public notification
US environmental protection agency
719
Interior copper tubing is usually join by
Solder
720
Fire demand can account for what percent of the total capacity of a storage system
50%
721
Which type of piping is most resistant to corrosion
Plastic
722
Which of the following metals makes the best anode
Zinc
723
What is the minimum contact time when using the chlorine tablet method of disinfection
24 hours
724
What is the difference between a weak acid and a strong acid
Amount of hydrogen ions released
725
Fuel oil’s, gasoline, and other organic compounds may permeate which type of piping
Plastic
726
How long should a new tank be disinfected before a water sample is collected for coliform analysis
24 hours
727
What type of concrete reservoir is constructed much like a swimming pool, is rather shallow, and difficult to cover
Hydraulically applied concrete lined
728
Why should isolation valves be installed at frequent intervals in distribution piping
So that small sections of Watermain maybe shut off for maintenance
729
Customers usually notice turbidity readings in excess of how many nephelometric turbidity units
5
730
What is the recommended chlorine dosage when disinfecting a Watermain using the tablet method
50 mg/L
731
What water quality problem is most likely to occur at dead and water mains
Taste and odor
732
What is the primary purpose of well grouting
Prevent surface water contamination from entering the water that is being drawn into the well
733
Which type of butterfly valve connection is best to use underground
Mechanical joint
734
What type of concrete tank is made like a Home basement but with more reinforcement
Cast in place concrete
735
How many hours must the water remain on disturbed in a pipe before collecting a sample for lead and copper analysis
Six hours
736
When present in water which of the following will increase corrosion rates
Dissolved oxygen
737
What is the recommended chlorine dosage when disinfecting a Watermain using the slug method
300 mg/L
738
If a confined aquifers recharge area is elevated, the water in the aquifer will be
Under pressure
739
What service line material may cause corrosion when connected to brass valves
Galvanized iron
740
When is the best time to conduct a leak survey
Night, the noise is the lowest
741
PVC pipe can use tease, elbows, and other feelings from what other type of pipe
Ductile iron
742
What are use for peak our demand is determined by the highest one hour period during one
Year
743
The zone of influence is defined as the
Distance from a well that the cone of depression affects the normal water level
744
The secondary standard for iron recommends that the concentration not exceed
.30 mg/L
745
What is the name of the pipe that serves as the inlet and outlet to an elevated tank
Riser
746
What type of ductle iron pipe joint is quickly assembled and is the least expensive
Push on joint
747
Where is the most common location of leaks on old service connections
Connections to the curb stop
748
Which of the following best defines the term drawdown
Change in water elevation from the normal level to the pumping level
749
Which style of curb box illuminates the possibility of misalignment
Minneapolis style
750
Which style of curb box fits loosely over the curb stop and meter
Arch style
751
What is the term for the height to which a column of water will rise in a while
Pizometric surface
752
What determines the number of samples that must be collected for utilities that are monitoring for lead and copper for the first time
System size
753
What type of level sensor cannot be used where the water body freezes
Float mechanism
754
Current meters are also known as
Velocity meters
755
And example of a large flow water meter is
Velocity type
756
What type of meter is primarily used for measuring dirty or corrosive water
Magnetic
757
What type of meter determines the total flow by multiplying the flow through the meter by a factor
Proportional
758
Which type of hydrant is hidden from public view
Flush
759
What type of pump is most often used by public water systems
Velocity
760
Dry barrel fire hydrants are using what type of environment
Freezing
761
In general, what is the maximum practical lift of pumps
15 to 25
762
When using a power tool to open or close a distribution valve it is best to
Do last few turns manually
763
Which Hydrant type has no main valve but each nozzle has a separate valve
Wet barrel
764
What type of pump has rotating impellers within a pump case
Centrifugal
765
Which of the following responds to and displays information
Secondary instruments
766
Which of the following is the best type of valve to use to dampen the water hammer
Pressure relief
767
Which type of hydrant has no drain mechanism and is under pressure and full of water in the lower barrel
Warm climate
768
Which of the following valves can be used to control pressure
Globe
769
What type of motor requires no windings and has low starting torque
Split phase
770
What type of pump as high efficiencies (90 - 95%) at very high pressure, impellers that are very close fitting, and high maintenance costs?
Vertical turbine
771
What type of motor has a starting current sell them over the full load operating current, has a stator, and the resistance of the rotor circuit can be controlled when the motor is running
Wound rotor
772
Which of the following valves is best to use in throttling flow situations
Globe
773
Which type of temperature sensor uses two wires of different material
Thermocouple
774
What type of meter is based on the Doppler affect
Ultrasonic meter
775
Which of the following is a measure of a materials opposition to the flow of the electric current
Ohms
776
Which type of direct electronica sensor for level measurement is placed above the water level
Ultrasonic level sensing system
777
Which of the following is most likely the cause of decreasing drawdown and an unchanging static water level
Pump is losing efficiency
778
Which of the following devices is used to measure water depth in storage facilities
Transducer
779
What is the maximum recommended head loss for positive displacement water meters that are less than 2 inches
15 psi
780
Which of the following devices can check water flow in the distribution system
Flow meter
781
Which of the following best defines the term stray current corrosion
Decomposition of a material caused by an outside electric current
782
What is the optimal maximum water velocity through pipes under normal operating conditions
5FPS
783
Which type of temperature sensor uses a semi conductive material
Thermistor
784
What class of fire involves oil or grease
Class B
785
What is the secondary maximum contaminant level for copper
1 mg/L
786
The secondary standard for manganese recommends that the concentration not exceed
0.05 mg/L
787
Where are maximum contaminant levels for water quality indicator specified
National primary drinking water regulations
788
What class of fire involves sodium or magnesium
Class D
789
If only two rings of packing our use in the stuffing box how many degrees should join to be staggered
90-180 degrees
790
What is pressure head caused by
Water elevation
791
What is the purpose of a bypass valve on a larger size gate valve
Reduce pressure across both sides to is opening and closing
792
Flange fittings are located on
Well discharge assembly
793
Check valve is always ______ of an isolation valve on well discharge assembly
Upstream
Water Distribution jeff
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