Pre-Analytics Mid-Term

Question 1

What integrity issue is this?

Answer 1

Hemolysis - red blood cells have burst

Question 2

What causes hemolysis?

Answer 2

• tourniquet left on or too tight (hemoconcentration)
• shaking tube
• alcohol not being dry
• improper storage or transportation
• tube unspun for too long
• incorrect needle
• incorrect volume for tube drawn

Question 3

Hemolysis affects which tests most?

Answer 3

Potassium

LDH, AST, PTT

Question 4

What Integrity issue is this?

Answer 4

Icterus - increased Bilirubin in cell

Question 5

What causes icterus?

Answer 5

liver issues - viral, alcoholism, gallstones, cirrhosis, parasites
- hemolytic anemia

Question 6

Which tests are most affected by icterus?

Answer 6

Magnesium, Cholesterol, Total Protein

Question 7

What integrity issue is this?

Answer 7

Lipemia - fat in sample

Question 8

What causes lipemia?

Answer 8

too much fat in bloodstream
fatty meal
hereditary
cholesterol
triglycerides

Question 9

What tests are most affected by lipemia?

Answer 9

electrolytes
LDH
hemoglobin
bilirubin
magnesium

Question 10

What does a 3 day (72hr) fecal collection container look like or resemble?

Answer 10

A paint can

Question 11

What is urine for a pregnancy test collected in?

Answer 11

Sterile container (orange or blue top)

Question 12

What is a 24hr urine sample collected in?

Answer 12

A large orange container (about 4L)

Question 13

How can you eliminate contamination during a urine sample?

Answer 13

a midstream catch

Question 14

Where is the most common place to store urine for preservation?

Answer 14

a refrigerator

Question 15

If a urine sample is left overnight at room temperature, what changes can happen?

Answer 15

decrease in glucose and ketones

Question 16

List 3 things you need to avoid 3 days before collecting samples for a Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)?

Answer 16

• red meats,
• raw fruits,
• vitamin C (fruits and supplements in high doses),
• antacids,
• iron supplements
• medications to stop diarrhea

Question 17

Can you list the main steps in a Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)?

Answer 17

1. Use applicator stick with fecal sample to smear on window area A
2. Smear a second sample on window area B
3. Throw out stick
4. Cover Hemoccult slide and place in envelope

Question 18

What are simple instructions for an FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test) test?

Answer 18

1. Place paper tissue between toilet seat lid and bowl
2. Do your business
3. Collect sample using grooves on the sample stick at the top of the sample tube
4. Place back in the tube and twist closed
5. Place in the ziplock bag provided and store in a refrigerator

Question 19

Helicobacter Pylori Urea Breath Test steps are:

Answer 19

1. Fast for 4 hours before your test:
   -Do not smoke or eat anything, no fluid one hour before the test
2. Provide a breath sample
3. Drink a lemon-lime solution
4. Wait 30 minutes (do not smoke, eat, or drink during this time)
5. Provide a second breath sample

Question 19

How long is a lactose tolerance test?

Answer 19

2 hours

Question 20

For semen collection can the sample be brought in an hour after collection?

Answer 20

No.

Ideally 10-15 minutes after, but it can be 30 minutes after

Question 21

What are the timelines for a patients last ejaculation before they can collect a semen sample?

Answer 21

No less than 48 hours, no longer than 7 days

Question 21

What household item is parafilm similar to?

Answer 21

Saran Wrap

Question 21

What is the purpose of a centrifuge?

Answer 21

separation

to spin samples and separate cells

Question 22

Can you put blood down the dirty sink?

Answer 22

No. It has to get disposed of properly in a biohazard container

Question 23

What is a pipette used for?

Answer 23

measuring small samples accurately

Question 24

When would you use a fume hood?

Answer 24

When using chemicals you don't want to inhale

Question 25

What do you use an incubator for?

Answer 25

growing samples of microorganisms or bacteria

Question 26

What is the major difference between a Fume Hood and a Biological Safety Cabinet?

Answer 26

The Biological Safety Cabinet is not vented to outside because the air goes through a hepa filter. The Fume Hood is vented to outside.

Question 27

How often does lab equipment need to be maintained/calibrated?

Answer 27

Every 6 months usually Yearly for a full service

Question 28

What does CSF stand for and how many sample tubes are usually collected?

Answer 28

Cerebrospinal Fluid Minimum 3 tubes

Question 29

When is the best time to collect urine for cytology?

Answer 29

Ideally, first morning void

Question 30

Which fecal test uses a chemical indicator/reaction method?

Answer 30

Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOB)

Question 31

Which fecal test uses an antibody method?

Answer 31

Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)

Question 32

What are anaerobic organisms in urine?

Answer 32

Anaerobic bacteria are rare agents of urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Question 33

What is a refrigerator's temperature kept between?

Answer 33

2º - 8º C

Question 34

What are 2 reasons we collect urine samples?

Answer 34

- diabetes diagnosis - kidney disease - pregnancy test - cytology (to screen for cancer) - disease progression - Chlamydia and Gonorrhea - creatinine Clearance (kidney function) - toxicology (drug screening) - electrolytes - Albumin - Culture and Sensitivity (C & S)

Question 35

What are 3 reasons a specimen would be rejected?

Answer 35

- discrepancy between labels - unlabelled - incorrect container or expired container - insufficient amount - incorrect time of collection - improper collection - incorrect storage or transportation - leaky container

Question 36

What is plasma?

Answer 36

Blood fluid containing clotting factors - requires anticoagulants

Question 37

What is serum?

Answer 37

Blood fluid without clotting factors * What remains after the blood has clotted - does not require anticoagulants

Question 38

What tests are most affected by hemolysis?

Answer 38

- PTT (Patial Thromboplastin Time) - Potassium - LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) - AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)