Problem Solving Neuro

Question 1

Define the problem of collapse

Answer 1

Seizures or syncope

Question 2

Define wees a lot

Answer 2

Polyuric or pollakiuric

Question 3

What is the pathophysiological approach to DDx?

Answer 3

DAMNIT V

• degenerative (eg. degen myelopathy)
• anomalous (eg. congenital hydrocephalus)
• metabolic (hepatic encephalopathy)
• nutirional/neoplasia (thiame deficiency encaphalopathy, meningioma)
• inflam/infectioius/idiopathic/iatrogenic (neosporosis, steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis, idiopathic epilepsy)
• trauma/toxin (metronidazole toxicity)
• vascular (fibrocartilagenous embolic myelopathy)

Question 4

What is the 6 finger rule for neuro?

Answer 4

1. Localisation
2. Signalment
3. Onset
4. Progression
5. Symettry
6. Pain

Question 5

egs. of focal lesions

Answer 5

• neoplasia
• intervertebral disk herniation
• congenital malformation

Question 6

egs. of multifocal lesions

Answer 6

• inflam/infection

- multifocal neoplasia: lymphoma

Question 7

egs. diffuse lesions

Answer 7

• neurodegenerative

- metabolic

Question 8

What types of onset may be seen?

Answer 8

• peracute (instantaneous)
• acute (~days)
• subacute (~1/2weeks)
• chronic (weeks to months)
• acute on chronic

Question 9

How can a pathology’s progression be described?

Answer 9

• improving (trauma, vascular)
• static
• deteriorating (degenerative, inflam, neoplasia)
• waxing and waning (metabolic)
• episodic
• paroxysmal

Question 10

How may a spinal cord lesion be symmetrical or asymmetrical?

Answer 10

> symmetrical
- intervertebral disk herniation compressing whole cord
asymmetrical
- infarct as blood supply splits to left and right hemispheres of the cord

Question 11

Where and which side is the lesion with circling animals?

Answer 11

circle towards the side of the lesion, forebrain lesion.

Question 12

What MRI changes are seen with L2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria?

Answer 12

• metabolic dz

- brighter signal on MRI

Question 13

Where are there no pain receptors in the spine?

Answer 13

• spinal cord

- all of CNS has no pain receptors

Question 14

What is the most common brain tumour in the cat?

Answer 14

meningioma (mostly benign)

Question 15

What type of onset does feline ischaemic encephalopathy have?

Answer 15

subacute onset/progression (vascular pathophysiology)