Pseudomonas

Question 1

Pseudomonas is a gram negative bacteria that is a _____ aerobe

Answer 1

obligate

Question 2

Pseudomonas is extremely ______

Answer 2

opportunistic

Question 3

What is the main pathogenic species of Pseudomonas?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 4

Pseudomonas is usually a ____ agent with significant____ resistance

Answer 4

usually a secondary agent

Antimicrobial resistance

Question 5

Pseudomonas likes to live in ____ poorly aerated environments such as surgery support bags and hoses in anesthetic machines

Answer 5

wet

Question 6

True/False: Pseudomonas can cause mastitis?

Answer 6

True

usually via intramammary infusions

Question 7

Pseudomonas is motile via _____

Answer 7

flagella

Question 8

What virulence factor allows adherance to the respiratory mucosa for Psuedomonas?

Answer 8

outer membrane proteins

and non fimbrial adhesins

Question 9

True/False: Pseudomonas has a remarkable capacity to adapt to and thrive in diverse ecological niches

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Pseudomonas has a virulence factor that leads to ____ formation

Answer 10

biofilm

Question 11

True/False: Pseudomonas does not have a capsule

Answer 11

False

It is encapsulated

Question 12

What are the exotoxins of Pseudomonas and what are their characteristics?

Answer 12

Exotoxin A- inhibits protein synthesis

Exotoxin S and T- interferes with phagocytosis

Exotoxin U- cytotoxic effect

Exotoxin Y- increases cAMP

Question 13

Which Pseudomonas exotoxins cause death of the cells that it is associated with?

Answer 13

Exotoxins U and Y

Question 14

What virulence factor of Pseudomonas is useful diagnostically and helps to protect the pseudomonas against free radicals?

Answer 14

Pigments (Pyocyanins)

*Pseudomonas is protected due to catalase and superoxide dismuate

Question 15

What is the Reservoir for Pseudomonas?

Answer 15

Soil, water, feces of normal animals- EVERYTHING

Question 16

Most infections of Pseudomonas are _____ to compromised hosts

Answer 16

secondary

*ex. illness or trauma allows pseudomonas to colonize. It is very opportunistic

Question 17

What is the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas?

Answer 17

1. reduced normal flora allows bacteria to colonize (usually due to antimicrobial use)
2. adhere to the epithelial cell layer and reproduce
3. Destroys epithelial cells and tissues (pyocyanin)

Question 18

Where will you see Pseudomonas the most?

Answer 18

Ear infections!

ottitis externa

Question 19

What animals are predisposed to Pseudomonas?

Answer 19

swimmers

breeds with long ears- ex. bassett hounds

breeds with hair in external ear canal

Question 20

Other than ear infections, what other disease can Pseudomonas cause?

Answer 20

Lower urinary tract infection

*not very common

Question 21

What can Pseudomonas cause in horses?

Answer 21

Metritis

*secondary to prolonged treatment with antimicrobials

Question 22

What does a skin infection of Pseudomonas look like?

Answer 22

Like this!

Question 23

Pseudomonas can cause pustular _____ skin lesions

Answer 23

pyoderma

Question 24

Pseudomonas has caused a particular problem in farmed _____

Answer 24

mink

*mortality 50% due to hemorrhagic pneumonia

Question 25

What granulomatous inflammation of the skin can Pseudomons cause?

Answer 25

Pseudomonal Botryomycosis \*grape like appearance- little nodules under the skin

Question 26

What condition can Pseudomonas aeurginosa cause in sheep?

Answer 26

Fleece Rot of sheep

Question 27

What humans are most suscptible to Pseudomonas infections?

Answer 27

Immunocompromised individuals \*especially burn victims

Question 28

What is the best way to prevent Pseudomonas?

Answer 28

Need to decrease the risk of secondary infection \*clean environment, clean and dry ears

Question 29

Pseudomonas is ____ hemolytic and ___ growing

Answer 29

Beta hemolytic Fast growing

Question 30

What is a characteristic of Pseudomonas that helps with diagnosis?

Answer 30

Odor! \*suppose to smell like grapes

Question 31

Pseudomonas is oxidase \_\_\_\_

Answer 31

positive

Question 32

True/False: Pseudomonas is susceptible to antimicrobials

Answer 32

FALSE highly resistant to microbials

Question 33

What give the dark appearance of Pseudomonas on agar?

Answer 33

Pyocyonin turns the plate a dark color

Question 34

Does Pseudomonas ferment the sugars in a TSI test?

Answer 34

no \*non fermenters. TSI appears red

Question 35

Is Pseudomonas lactose negative or positive on MacConkey Agar?

Answer 35

Lactose negative \*NO PINK COLOR

Question 36

What is the best treatment for Pseudomonas?

Answer 36

identify the predisposing factor and eliminate the source of the organism \*Use hygienic practices. Keep endotracheal tubes and anethetic hoses clean