PX- Chapter 4: Programming

Question 1

What is programming

Answer 1

the processes where you collect and analyze info about a problem and the problem is stated.

gathering info about the client’s specific needs as well as identifying broader issues of human factors, social & cultural issues.

Question 2

What are some common things that are done in the programming phase

Answer 2

stating client's goals and objectives
analysis of exiting building
aesthetic considerations
space needs
adjacency requirements
organizing concepts
code review
budget requirements
scheduling requirements

Question 3

What is the Problem Seeking method of programming

Answer 3

5 step process:

1. Establish Goals: what the client wants to achieve & why
2. Collect & Analyze facts: existing conditions, project requirements (like # of ppl), space adjacency
3. Uncovering and testing concepts: develop abstract ideas that are functional solutions with out defining the physical means to solve the problem. You give a programmic concept.
4. Determine Needs: separate the wants from the needs- what the budget will allow for etc. This will help manage expectations
5. State the problem: the statement is the bridge btwn programming and the design processes. There should be 4 statements, one for each form, function, economy & time.

Question 4

What are four major considerations during programming

Answer 4

1. Form: existing conditions of the space, the psychological environment and quality of construction
2. Function: the people using the space and the activities to be performed there and the relationship of spaces to each other
3. Economy: concerns money- the initial cost plus the operating costs and life-cycle costs
4. Time: past, present & future as they affect the other three considerations (schedule)

Question 5

What should every program document contain

Answer 5

1. statement of goals and objectives
2. A list of client requirements
3. A list of spaces and their square footage

Question 6

what are optional items to include in a program document

Answer 6

survey of existing conditions, budget requirements, scheduling constraints & expansion requirements

Question 7

What is anthropometrics

Answer 7

measurement of the size, proportions and range of motion of the human body

Question 8

What are Ergonomics

Answer 8

the study of the relation between human physiology and the physical environment. Uses anthropomorphic data but shows how humans interact with objects

Question 9

what is one of the most critical dimensions when designing a computer station and what is that dimension

Answer 9

the keyboard height at 26 to 28.5” aff and be adjustable

Question 10

what is one of the most important factors when designing a workstation

Answer 10

the chair and it’s adjustability

Question 11

what are the environmental factors of human comfort

Answer 11

Temperature, humidity, air movement, temperature radiation, air quality, sound, vibration & light

Question 12

in which ways does the body loose heat and describe all

Answer 12

1. convection- the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid (gas or liquid)
2. evaporation - moisture changes to a vapour as a person perspires or breathes
3. Radiation - transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves from one surface to a colder surface

Question 13

What is the sensation of thermal comfort

Answer 13

depends on the interrelationship of air temperature, humidity & air movement and raditaion

Question 14

How far away from the wall must a table be to allow for seating

Answer 14

30” from wall to chair

18-24” for chair

overall 48” to 54”

Question 15

How far away from a wall must a round table be for seating

Answer 15

30” to the chair , 18-24” for the chair

48” to 54” as well

Question 16

what is range of depth for a desk in inches

Answer 16

30-36”

Question 17

how wide is a desk (range of standards)

Answer 17

60-72”

Question 18

how much width do you need per person at a dining table including the person and chair

Answer 18

30”

Question 19

what is the main determinant of comfort in a room (thermal comfort)

Answer 19

temperature

comfy range is between 69 and 80 F or 21 to 27 C

Question 20

what are comfortable humidity ranges

Answer 20

30% and 65%

Question 21

what does air movement do for heat loss in a person

Answer 21

increases evaporation and heat loss through convection. This is why you feel comfy when it’s hot and there is a breeze

Question 22

What is the purpose of ventilation in a building

Answer 22

provide oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, remove ordours and carry away contaminants. Required ventilation depends on the activity in the room

Question 23

when would you require extra ventilation in a room

Answer 23

when you need to exhaust air- toilets, kitchens , spaces with noxious fumes

Question 24

how do you calculate the ventilation rate

Answer 24

you don’t- building codes say it and the mechanical person does it.

Question 25

List some information that may be required for a project in the programming stage (broad categories)

Answer 25

``` Goals & Objectives User requirements activity requirements furnishings and equipment Adjacency space requirements listed by activity area and sq.ftage time and money requirements ```

Question 26

What is the best way to get information from a client and why.

Answer 26

interview because you can observe them in person, clarify any thing in person, pick up on non verbal clues not good if you're in a rush, it takes time.

Question 27

What should you do before you interview a client

Answer 27

in a company, you need a good cross section of the company- might not be able to interview everyone so the sample should represent the company well you also need two interviewers, one to to take notes and one to ask the questions and also for second opinions.

Question 28

what are the pros and cons of a small group interview

Answer 28

pro- efficient exchange of ideas con- can turn in to a complaint session. if the group gets larger, fewer people will participate

Question 29

when is it good to use a questionnaire to gather information

Answer 29

when a large number of people need to be surveyed and time or resources don't allow for individual interviews must be short and easy to fill out

Question 30

what is the most reliable way to gather information (not sure why- kim to look in to)

Answer 30

observation- observing what people do rather than listening to what they say. Also good if you can't interview or question people, like in a public space bad is if you jump to conclusions with out understanding why people are doing things in a certain way

Question 31

how could you verify info given by interviews or questionairs

Answer 31

by observing yourself

Question 32

what is a field survey

Answer 32

a way to determine existing conditions (site measure, photos, onsite conditions.) if new building, look at the architectural drawings.

Question 33

what is the difference between human factors and ergonomics

Answer 33

human factors focuses on the FIT between objects spaces & users Ergonomics studies the RELATIONSHIPS between human body and physical environment