What is the triangulation method?
- multiple method approach such as multiple theories, multiple researchers, and multiple data techniques
- all directed towards the research idea will help identify errors and inconsistencies in the research design and results
Explain the difference between qual. and quant. research methods?
- quan. measures number and statistics in the collection of the data
- qual. using mainly words and descriptions in the collection and analysis of data
- quant. is more objective and researcher observes data while qual. can me more immersed
what is the main goal of qual. research?
- empathy: seeing through the eyes of other people
- in depth description and analysis
- emphasis on process: showing how events and patterns unfold over time
- flexibility and structure
what is symbolic interactionism?
- meanings as social products formed through actives of people interacting (herbert blumer)
- actions result from meaning
- different people see things differntly
- our meaning can change
difference between deduction and induction
- deducation begins with a theory or explanation and tries to test it
- induction collects data first than tries and derive a theory from it
difference between deduction and induction
- deducation begins with a theory or explanation and tries to test it
- induction collects data first than tries and derive a theory from it
What are Lincoln and Guba’s Evaulative Critieria
- confidence in the truth of the findings
1. persistant observation
2. triangulation
3. peer debriefing
4. member checking (informant feedback)
What are Lincoln and Guba’s Evaulative Critieria
- confidence in the truth of the findings
1. persistant observation
2. triangulation
3. peer debriefing
4. member checking (informant feedback)
5. transferability (results useful in other research)
6. depdentability (research model can me done again)
what is a spiral research model?
- no linear
- leaves no stage behind
- revistes previous stages
purpose of theory-research model
-empirical research; leads to refutation of research
purpose of research-theory model
-theory development;initiations, deflects, clarifies theories
literature review formats
- dispel myths
- justify assumptions
- clarify the focus on your own work
- explain competing conceptual models
difference between conceptualize and operationalize
-conceptualize defines a concept while operationalize provides the criteries for measuring the concept
concept mapping
- research tool to help clarify confusions and assist in research design
- helps us better understand relationships
convenience sampels
- quick and inexpensive
- used frequently
- associated risks
purposive samples
- can be profiably used
- expertly selected
- lacks genality
snowball samples
-identify subjects with characteristics who than refer other with similar characteristics to the study
-quota samples
- stratified samples
- non-probability to fill cells
data reduction
- data is coded and shortened; better undstanding and accessbilitiy
1. simple: same chance for inclusion
2. systamtic: every (5th) sample etc.
3. stratified random: samples from subgroups
probability sample
- mathetmatically repsentative of larger population;random sampling
1. convenience
2. purposive
3. snowball
4. quota: based on demographics and come up with qupta
non probability sample
-doesnt need population units; best used for difficult or sensitive populations
