Quiz 4

Question 1

altruistic behavior

Answer 1

• an action that benefits someone other than the actor
• a gene that encourages this would help other individuals survive and spread their genes, at the possible cost of the altruistic individual

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

• strands of genes that come in pairs
• aligned with genes that also come in pairs
• composed of DNA

Question 3

dizygotic (“from two eggs”) twins

Answer 3

• fraternal twins

Question 4

epigenetics

Answer 4

• a field concerned with changes in gene expression without the modification of the DNA sequence

Question 5

heritability

Answer 5

• refers to how much characteristics depend on genetic differences

Question 6

evolutionary psychology

Answer 6

• field that deals with how behaviors evolved

Question 7

sex-linked genes

Answer 7

• genes located on the sex chromosomes
• refers to x-linked genes e.g. red-green color deficiency

Question 8

monozygotic (“from one egg”) twins

Answer 8

-

Question 9

monozygotic (“from one egg”) twins

Answer 9

• identical twins

Question 10

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 10

-

Question 11

myelination

Answer 11

-

Question 12

neural Darwinism

Answer 12

-

Question 13

differentiates (differentiation)

Answer 13

• the forming of the axon and dendrites that gives
  the neuron its distinctive shape

Question 14

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 14

• a condition that children are born with if the mother drinks heavily during pregnancy
• dendrites of children born with this are short with few branches

Question 15

myelination

Answer 15

• the process by which glia produce the fatty sheath
  that covers the axons of some neurons

Question 16

neural Darwinism

Answer 16

• the idea of the selection process of neural connection
• in this competition among synaptic connections, we
  initially form more connections than we need
• the most successful axon connections and
  combinations survive while the others fail to sustain
  active synapses

Question 17

stem cells

Answer 17

• undifferentiated cells found in the interior
  of the brain that generate “daughter cells” that can
  transform into glia or neurons

Question 18

cerebrovascular accident

Answer 18

• temporary loss of blood flow to the brain

Question 19

hemorrhage

Answer 19

• a less frequent type of stroke resulting from a ruptured artery

Question 20

stroke

Answer 20

• temporary loss of blood flow to the brain
• ischemia: the most common type of stroke, resulting from a blood clot or obstruction of an artery