Reducing addiction (behavioural intervention)

Question 1

▲ Why is covert sensitisation appropriate for pregnant individuals?

Answer 1

It avoids physical harm through non-invasive methods

Question 2

● What are the two main types of behavioural interventions?

Answer 2

Aversion therapy and covert sensitisation

Question 3

▲ What makes aversion therapy suitable for behavioural addictions?

Answer 3

It creates negative associations with the behaviour

Question 4

✪ Why is rapid smoking controversial?

Answer 4

It induces physical sickness and may be considered distressing

Question 5

✪ What methodological strength does McConaghy’s study have?

Answer 5

It compared interventions with long-term follow-up

Question 6

● What is the experience type in aversion therapy?

Answer 6

In vivo (real)

Question 7

● What is the purpose of associating gambling phrases with shocks?

Answer 7

Create an aversion to gambling

Question 8

● What does Disulfiram cause when alcohol is consumed?

Answer 8

Nausea or sickness

Question 9

▲ How does covert sensitisation reduce addiction?

Answer 9

By creating imagined negative associations with the behaviour

Question 10

● What is rapid smoking?

Answer 10

Taking a puff every 6 seconds to induce nausea

Question 11

● What drug is used in aversion therapy for alcohol?

Answer 11

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Question 12

● What is the aim of aversion therapy?

Answer 12

To replace pleasure with unpleasant association

Question 13

● What is the goal of rapid smoking?

Answer 13

Create an aversion to smoking

Question 14

● What physical reaction is used in gambling aversion therapy?

Answer 14

Electric shocks

Question 15

▲ What is the effect of repeating aversion therapy procedures?

Answer 15

A conditioned aversion is created

Question 16

▲ Why is Disulfiram effective in treating alcoholism?

Answer 16

It causes physical discomfort when drinking

Question 17

▲ How does the client prepare for covert sensitisation?

Answer 17

By relaxing and listening to the therapist’s script

Question 18

▲ Why is electric shock used in gambling aversion therapy?

Answer 18

To associate gambling with pain

Question 19

● What principle do both aversion and covert sensitisation use?

Answer 19

Classical conditioning

Question 20

✪ How do behavioural interventions contribute to applied psychology?

Answer 20

They offer practical, theory-based treatments for addiction

Question 21

▲ How do therapists guide covert sensitisation?

Answer 21

By describing unpleasant outcomes vividly

Question 22

▲ How does classical conditioning apply in aversion therapy?

Answer 22

Pleasurable association is replaced with unpleasant one

Question 23

✪ Why might some argue behavioural interventions lack depth?

Answer 23

They target behaviour but not underlying causes

Question 24

● What does the therapist use to guide covert sensitisation?

Answer 24

A vivid script

Question 25

● What is covert sensitisation?

Answer 25

Imagining unpleasant consequences of addiction

Question 26

✪ How is covert sensitisation more appropriate than aversion therapy?

Answer 26

It avoids physical side effects and ethical issues

Question 27

● What is the experience type in covert sensitisation?

Answer 27

In vitro (imaginary)

Question 28

▲ What happens to the smoker during rapid smoking?

Answer 28

They feel nauseous, creating an aversion

Question 29

▲ Why might rapid smoking lead to quitting?

Answer 29

Because it creates a negative reaction to cigarettes

Question 30

▲ How is a gambling-related phrase identified in aversion therapy?

Answer 30

Through therapist-client collaboration

Question 31

● What must clients do in covert sensitisation?

Answer 31

Imagine the addiction and unpleasant outcomes

Question 32

✪ Why might behavioural interventions require high motivation?

Answer 32

Clients must attend sessions and tolerate unpleasant stimuli

Question 33

✪ Why might aversion therapy raise ethical concerns?

Answer 33

It may cause physical or psychological harm

Question 34

▲ What is an advantage of covert sensitisation over aversion therapy?

Answer 34

It is non-invasive and safer

Question 35

✪ What advantage does covert sensitisation have over drug therapy?

Answer 35

It avoids chemical side effects and dependency

Question 36

▲ How do aversive reactions help break addiction?

Answer 36

They weaken the learned pleasure association

Question 37

✪ How do behavioural treatments compare in terms of invasiveness?

Answer 37

Aversion is invasive; covert sensitisation is not

Question 38

✪ What is a limitation of aversion therapy in terms of compliance?

Answer 38

Discomfort may lead to drop-out, reducing effectiveness

Question 39

● What happens after imagining the unpleasant situation?

Answer 39

Client imagines refusing the addiction

Question 40

✪ How can ethical concerns impact the use of aversion therapy?

Answer 40

Concerns may limit its acceptance and implementation

Question 41

✪ How does McConaghy et al’s research support covert sensitisation?

Answer 41

90% reduced gambling at follow-up vs. 30% for aversion therapy

Question 42

▲ Why does the client imagine walking away in covert sensitisation?

Answer 42

To reinforce resistance to the behaviour

Question 43

✪ Why might covert sensitisation be more effective long-term?

Answer 43

It creates strong imagined aversions without physical harm

Question 44

✪ Why is patient commitment essential in behavioural therapy?

Answer 44

They must actively engage with unpleasant scenarios to change behaviour

Question 45

✪ Why do behavioural therapies not suit all clients?

Answer 45

They require commitment and emotional tolerance