What is found within the Hindbrain?
- Medulla
- Pons, Cerebellum
What is found within the Midbrain?
- Substantia Nigra [SN]
What is Found within the Forebrain?
- Cerebral Cortex
- Basal Ganglia [except SN]: Striatum, Globus Pallidus, Subthalamic Nucleus
- Hippocampus, Amygdala
- Thalamus, Hypothalamus
What is the function of the Medulla within the Hindbrain?
- Provides the autonomic functions; including respiration, cardiac function, and reflexes
- Part of the Brain Steam
What is the function of the Pons within the Hindbrain?
- Relays the signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum [Connecting the forebrain to the hindbrain]
- Part of the Brain Steam
What is the function of the Cerebellum within the Hindbrain?
- Helps produce the smooth motor movements
- undergoes the neruodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias - jerky movements
What is the function of the Substantia Nirga within the Midbrain?
- Pars Compacta: provides input to the Basal Ganglia which supplies dopamine to the straitum
- Motor control
- Undergoes neurodeneration in Parkinsons
What is the function of the Cortex [Cerebrum] in the Forebrain?
- processing and interpreting information
What is the function of Basal Ganglia in the Forebrain?
- Voluntary motor control with some cognitive functions
What is the functions of the limbic system within the Forebrain?
- Amygdala: emotions
- Hippocampus: memory
What is the function of the diencephalon within the Function of the Forebrain?
- Thalamus: passes signals between the basal ganglia to cortex [Non-autonomic]
- Hypothalamus: hormonal control [autonomic]
What makes the Cortex so important within our brain?
- Involved in decision making [cortico-thalamic loop] -> Information to Thalamus to cortex back to Thalamus
- damage = problems with movement, speech, personality
What is the disease of the frontal cortex?
- Schizophrenia
What are the glial cells?
- Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Mircoglia
What do astrocytes do?
- provide growth factors
- decrease glutamate
- support BBB
What do oligodendrocytes do?
- produce the myeline sheath around neruons
What do mircoglia do?
- provide growth factors
- clear debris by phagocytosis
- neuroinflammtion [immune response]
What is the Blood Brain Barrier [BBB]?
- A barrier between the bloodstream and the brain that is connected together with tight gap junctions [provides stability]
What is the basic structure of the Neuron?
- Dendrite: receives the signal
- Axon: where the action potential travels
- Synaptic Cleft: where neurotransmitters are release
What is the pathophysiology of the Action Potential within the Neuron?
- Depolarization: Increase of Na in
- Peak: Na channels close and K channels open
- Repolarization: K is leaving
What are EPSP?
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
- A Na “peak” that doesnt end up causing the Action potential [Excitation]
- Strong enough stimulus will make the action potential
What are IPSP?
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
- More negative ions [Cl-] will cross the membrane; lowering the floor, decreasing the action potential ability
What are the common amino acid neurotrasmittors?
- GABA [Gamma Aminobutyric Acid}
- Glycine
- Glutamate
What is the function of GABA within the brain?
- Major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the brain
- Influx of Cl- on the neuron
- Epilepsy, Spasticity, Addition
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Ischemia40
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ISHD46
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ACS65
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Sjogren Heart Failure44
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Sowinski Heart Failure91
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Antiarrhythmics0
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Arrhythmias75
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Rochet CNS Disorders31
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Multiple Sclerosis65
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Parkinson's Disease63
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Alzheimer's Disease15
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Seizure Disorders79
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Migraines43
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Schizophrenia: Watts66
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Schizophrenia: Ott41
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Antidepressants: Watts46
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Anxiety34
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Eating Disorder19
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Antidepressants: Ott79
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Sleep Disorders68
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Bipolar Disorder: Ott [Do with Depression]29
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Pain: Barker71
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Pain: Rogers97
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Svensons Sections51
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Otts Sections65
