ROCKS

Question 1

What is the rock cycle

Answer 1

– it is the natural continuos process in which rocks form, are broken down and are reformed over long periods of time

Question 2

What are the three rock types

Answer 2

• igneous rocks
• sedimentary rocks
• metamorphic rocks

Question 3

An example of igneous rocks are

Answer 3

-basalt and granite

Question 4

An example of sedimentary rocks are

Answer 4

• conglomerates
• sandstone
• mudstone
• limestone

Question 5

An example of metamorphic rocks are

Answer 5

• slate

- marble

Question 6

What are igneous rocks

Answer 6

-that forms from molten rock

Question 7

What are the properties of igneous rocks

Answer 7

• crystalline

- very difficult to break

Question 8

What are sedimentary rock

Answer 8

• forms through sediment particles that are deposited by water, wind or ice
• formed when the rock is under great pressure
• No heat involved

Question 9

What is the properties of sedimentary rocks

Answer 9

• found in layers

- often contains fossils

Question 10

What is metamorphic rocks

Answer 10

-it is rock that was igneous rocks or
sedimentary rocks to start with
-from heat or pressure from the earths crust

Question 11

What is the properties of metamorphic rocks

Answer 11

• crystalline

- compressed structure

Question 12

What are steps of the rock cycle

Answer 12

• maga pushed to surface by volcanos,also called lava
• pools of magma cools down slowly to form igneous rocks
• lava cools down fast and form volcanic rocks e.g. pumice
• rocks on the surface are weathered by heat cold wind water
• wind and water transport these particles to flood plains
• the pressure of many layers changes bottom layers
• hot hot magma heats the surrounding rock
• some rocks are pushed under the crust

Question 13

What are minerals

Answer 13

• mineral is a natural solid with a definite chemical composition
• it occurs as crystals and has a specific

Question 14

What are ores

Answer 14

-they are rocks that contain minerals like precious stones and metals

Question 15

What are the most important minerals

Answer 15

-gold
-diamond
-platinum
-chromium
-vanadium
-manganese
-uranium
iron coal
-coal

Question 16

What is Lithosphere

Answer 16

-solid rocks and soil

Question 17

What is hydrosphere

Answer 17

All water in solid, liquid and gaseous state

Question 18

What is atmosphere

Answer 18

The layer of gases around the earth

Question 19

What is biosphere

Answer 19

All living plants and animal

Question 20

What does lit mean

Answer 20

Rocks

Question 21

What are the concentric layer of the earth

Answer 21

• the crust and upper part of the mantle
• mantle
• outer core
• inner core

Question 22

How deep is the crust

Answer 22

5-80 m deep

Question 23

What does soil consists of

Answer 23

• a mixture of weathered rock and minerals

- organic substances derived from decayed plant material and animal waste

Question 24

What are the layers of the atmosphere

Answer 24

• exosphere
• thermosphere
• mesosphere
• stratosphere
• troposphere

Question 25

What is tropsphere

Answer 25

- closest to earth-'maintains life and weather systems - densest- 70%mass of the atmosphere - temperature decreases with height - tropopause- top layer of troposphere and transition

Question 26

What is stratosphere

Answer 26

- contain 24 % of the atmosphere mass - contains a ozone layer - temperature increases with height- ozone converts harmful UV rays from sun into heat

Question 27

What is mesosphere

Answer 27

- Coldest part of atmosphere - temperature decrease with height - burns small rocks and dust from space- known as shooting stars

Question 28

What is the thermosphere

Answer 28

- temperature increases with height - extremely height temp : absorption of high energy uv rays and x rays from sun - air is very thin - lonosphere forms part of the thermosphere

Question 29

What is exosphere

Answer 29

Top layer - extremely thin and disappears into space

Question 30

What are the gases that the atmosphere mainly consists of

Answer 30

``` Argon Carbon dioxide Water vapour Helium Neon krypton Hydrogen Methane ```

Question 31

What is the function of the gase

Answer 31

- source of oxygen - nitrogen is required for plant growth and dilutes oxygen - carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis - protection against harmful uv rays - moderates temperature fluctuations between day and night

Question 32

What is global warming

Answer 32

It is the increase in average temperature of the earths atmosphere and oceans

Question 33

What is nebulae

Answer 33

- are large clouds of dust and gas

Question 34

What is the birth of a star

Answer 34

Stars form inside ne