Flashcards in Roentgen Signs Deck (66)
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1
5 Radiographic Densities
– Air
– Fat
– Water
– Bone
– Metal
2
______ determines if further imaging
is indicated
Plain film radiography
3
Need at least ______ decarse in bone density to see lesion in Conventional Radiography
30-50%
4
Need a lesion at least _____ in size to detect
Conventional Radiography
1-5cm
5
Time until a lesion is seen by plain film radiography
Radiographic Latent Period
6
Osteomyelitis in peripheral bone radiographic latent period
10-14 days
7
Spinal osteomyelitis radiographic latent period
21 days
8
Aggressive tumors radiographic latent period
4-6 weeks
9
– Trauma – Unexplained weight loss – Night pain – Motor deficit – Malignancy
red flag
10
– Inflammatory arthritis – Fever of unknown origin – Abnormal blood results – Deformity
red flag
11
– Failure to respond to therapy – Medicolegal concerns
red flag
12
– >50 yo – Drug or alcohol abuse – Corticosteroid use – Old or lost previous x rays – Research
yellow flag
13
– Systemic disease – Recent immigration – Rule out contraindications – Therapeutic response
yellow flag
14
– Patient education – Routine screening – Habit – Discharge status assessment – Routine biomechanical analysis – Pre-employment status
non indicators
15
– Physical limitations of patient – Inadequate equipment – Non-trained personnel – Financial gain – Recent high-level radiation exposure – Pregnancy
non indicators
16
evidence-based guidelines to assist referring
physicians and other providers in making the
most appropriate imaging or treatment decision for a specific clinical condition.
The ACR Appropriateness Criteria
17
Injection of water soluble iodinated contrast into IVD’s nucleus
pulposus via fluoroscopic control in order to determine pain
generator
Discography
18
Radionuclide Imaging
Bone Scan
19
used to identify pars fractures (gymnastic athletes)
SPECT Scan
"Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography"
20
detects:
Metastatic disease
Tumors Infection Arthritis Fracture (occult, stress, recent fx) Avascular Necrosis (AVN)
bone scan
21
– Detects as little as 3-5% bone destruction/production
– 10x more sensitive than plain film radiography
– Great for early detection of many disease processes
bone scan
22
No uptake in Multiple Myeloma unless pathological
fracture
bone scan
23
vascular dz
msk disorders
abdominal and pelvic imaging
diagnostic ultrasound
24
high level of radiation dose
excellent bone detail
Computed Tomography (CT)
25
Mathematical Data from Axial Images is Reformatted rendering Sagittal Lumbar Spine Image
Computed Tomography (CT)
26
excellent for soft tissue resolution
very sensitive for detecting bone marrow dz
great for spinal dz, especially disc dz
MR
27
Model of bone structure formed by condensed mesenchymal cells after which bone is formed
• Skull
• Clavicles
• Mandible
Intramembranous Ossification
28
Controls width of long bones via activity of periosteum
Appositional Bone Growth
29
– Osteoblasts transform cartilage template into bone
• Tubular bones
• Vertebrae
– Chondroblasts and chondrocytes form and produce a
cartilage cast of the definitive bone
Enchondral Ossification
30
