Safety and Adminstration

Question 1

Hazards associated with confined spaces.

Answer 1

• Explosive atmospheres (methane, gasoline vapors, etc.)
• Toxic atmospheres (hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, etc.)
• Low oxygen atmospheres

Question 2

Safety precautions to take when there is a requirement to work in a confined space.

Answer 2

1. Continuous ventilation must be provided
2. The air must be tested for hazardous atmospheres prior to entry
3. The atmosphere must be tested at least every 30 minutes
4. At least 2 people are required: entrant and attendant. There must be a means of communication between the entrant and
   the attendant.
5. A retrieval harness hooked to a tripod is required in most cases

Question 3

The self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) should be located here.

Answer 3

On the wall just outside of the chlorine facility

Question 4

Hazards associated with hydrogen sulfide gas.

Answer 4

• Poisonous gas can cause breathing paralysis
• Gas can poison olfactory senses making detection by smell difficult
• Gas is flammable and explosive

Question 5

Why odor detection of hazardous atmospheres is not reliable.

Answer 5

• Some poisonous gasses are odorless (carbon monoxide)
• Some poisonous gasses poison through the sense of smell (hydrogen sulfide)
• Lack of oxygen cannot be detected by smell

Question 6

Tire explosive range for methane and air mixtures.

Answer 6

5-15% methane to air

Question 7

Oxygen concentrations:
Normal atmosphere
Minimum safe level
Maximum safe level
Lethal condition

Answer 7

• Approximately 21% oxygen
• 19.5 % oxygen
• 24.5% oxygen
• 15% or less oxygen

Question 8

Distinction between combustible and flammable liquids

Answer 8

• Flash point below 100°F (gasoline)
• Flash point equal to or above 100 ° F (diesel)

Question 9

Individual who is trained and capable of identifying working conditions that are
hazardous, unsanitary, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take
prompt corrective measures.

Answer 9

Competent person

Question 10

Utilized to provide safety for individuals working in the vicinity of traffic.

Answer 10

• Barricades
• Traffic cones
• Flagger
• Warning signs

Question 11

Recommended response to a serious chlorine leak

Answer 11

Move to high ground, up-wind of the chlorine gas cloud

Question 12

Recommended personal hygiene for wastewater operators

Answer 12

• Keep your hands away from your mouth and eyes
• Wash your hands often and before eating and smoking
• Immediately apply first aid to cuts and scratches

Question 13

The way that acid and water should be added together to avoid splattering of the acid.

Answer 13

Always add acid to water, while stirring. Never add water to concentrated acid.

Question 14

Space that has limited openings for entry and exit unfavorable natural ventilation, may contain or produce hazardous substances, and is not intended for continuous occupancy.

Answer 14

Confined space

Question 15

Safety precaution that should be used whenever working on equipment powered by electricity

Answer 15

The panel that energizes the equipment should be properly locked out and tagged.

Question 16

Missing Question 16

Answer 16

The mixture emits a highly toxic mixture of gases.

Question 17

Precautions that should be taken when working around an anaerobic digester.

Answer 17

• Use only explosion proof electrical equipment.
• Do not smoke within 100 ft of the digester.
• Properly ventilate and test the interior atmosphere of a digester before entering.
• Provide continuous ventilation during work inside the digester.

Question 18

Immunizations recommended for wastewater personnel.

Answer 18

• There are no additional immunizations recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for wastewater personnel.
• All adults should be vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus.

Question 19

Common hazard encountered while working at a wastewater treatment facility.

Answer 19

Slipping and falling

Question 20

Minimum amperage that is considered lethal

Answer 20

1/3 amp

Question 21

Hazard associated with shock by low voltage

Answer 21

Heart fibrillation

Question 22

I he threshold odor for gas chlorine

Answer 22

Approximately 1 ppm (Various sources give a range of 0.3 to 3.0 ppm)

Question 23

Exhaust vents for chlorine handling facilities should be located here.

Answer 23

Near the floor of the chlorine facility

Question 24

Exposure to chlorine can result in these life threatening conditions.

Answer 24

• Suffocation
• Secondary respiratory infection leading to pneumonia
• Pulmonary edema (water on the lungs)

Question 25

Chlorine gas is visible at this concentration in air.

Answer 25

100 ppm

Question 26

Why odor detection of hazardous atmospheres is not reliable.

Answer 26

* Some poisonous gases are odorless (carbon monoxide) * Some poisonous gases deaden the sense of smell (hydrogen sulfide) * Lack of oxygen cannot be detected by smell

Question 27

Hazard created when dry chlorine is contaminated with organic material such as oil, rags paper, etc.

Answer 27

Fire or explosion

Question 28

Use this to detect small chlorine leaks.

Answer 28

Ammonia soaked rag or squeeze bottle containing cotton soaked with ammonia

Question 29

These are used to repair chlorine container leaks

Answer 29

□ "A" kit: 150 lb cylinders □ "B" kit: 1-ton containers □ "C" kit: railcars

Question 30

Water can do this to a chlorine container leak.

Answer 30

Cause the leak to become worse

Question 31

Expansion of liquid chlorine to gas chlorine

Answer 31

Gas chlorine occupies 450 times more volume than liquid chlorine.

Question 32

This must be done if an accident occurs

Answer 32

The accident must be reported immediately

Question 33

Hazardous gases that may be encountered in a confined space.

Answer 33

□ Hydrogen sulfide * H2S □ Carbon dioxide CO2 □ Methane CH, □ Carbon monoxide CO * Most toxic

Question 34

Classification of fires; used to determine the type of extinguisher: wood, paper, rubbish, etc. oil, solvents, gasoline, etc. electrical

Answer 34

□ Class "A" □ Class ”B" □ Class "C"

Question 35

The exposure limits for chlorine gas: PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit, exposure at no time shall exceed) REL (Recommended Exposure Limit, up to 10 hour work day) TLV (Threshold Limit Value, 8 hour work day and 40 hour work week)

Answer 35

□ 1.0 ppm (PEL) □ 0.5 ppm (REL) □ 0.5 ppm (TLV)

Question 36

The purpose of the fusible plug(s) in chlorine cylinders.

Answer 36

Prevents the rupture or explosion of cylinders due to high pressure

Question 37

Hazardous gasses generated by anaerobic digesters.

Answer 37

□ Methane: explosive, displaces oxygen □ Hydrogen sulfide: toxic, explosive in high concentrations

Question 38

Locating a suspected leak in a anaerobic digester gas line

Answer 38

Apply soapy water - look for bubbles

Question 39

Personnel should not work alone on energized equipment that operates at or above this voltage

Answer 39

480 volts

Question 40

LFL

Answer 40

Lower flammability limit

Question 41

Hearing protection is required when noise levels exceed this.

Answer 41

85 decibels (dB) over 8 hours

Question 42

Factors that contribute to hearing damage

Answer 42

□ Loudness (decibels) □ Length of exposure □ Distance from the noise

Question 43

"Rule of thumb" when hearing protection should be provided.

Answer 43

You must raise your voice to be heard less than 2 ft away.

Question 44

Immediate first aid for burns.

Answer 44

Flood with cold water

Question 45

An operator can refuse to work with a hazardous substance

Answer 45

When the employee fails to provide the appropriate MSDS information

Question 46

When a permit is required to enter a confined space.

Answer 46

□ Hazardous atmosphere or □ Potential for engulfment or □ Dangerous configuration (ie. tunnel) or □ Other serious bazard(s)

Question 47

Response to active "horseplay."

Answer 47

Stop it immediately as it could likely cause injury or accident

Question 48

MSDS

Answer 48

Materials safety data sheet(s)

Question 49

OSHA

Answer 49

□ Occupational Safety and Health Administration □ OSHA issues and enforces workplace safety requirements

Question 50

Qualifies as hazardous waste.

Answer 50

□ Ignitable - flammable or explosive (like gasoline or solvents) □ Corrosive or caustic (like acids and bases) □ Reactive (like chlorine) □ Toxic (like lead based paint)

Question 51

MSDS information of key importance

Answer 51

□ Chemical name(s) □ Emergency procedure for spills □ Necessary' personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 52

The first step in hazardous waste reduction

Answer 52

Source reduction

Question 53

Review of all aspects of the wastewater treatment system to determine what would occur during various types of emergency situations.

Answer 53

Vulnerability assessment