SECONDARY

Question 1

(Scar)

1. what is it?
2. Most scars are what?

Answer 1

1. an area of fibrous tissue that has replaced severe damage to the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
2. alopecic, atrophic, and depigmented

(proliferative scars do occur and in dark skinned dogs can be alopecic and hyperpigmented)

Question 2

(Erosion)

1. what is it?
2. generally results from what?

Answer 2

1. a shallow break in the continuity of the epidermis that does not penetrate the basal cell layer and consequently heals without scarring
2. from epidermal diseases and self inflicted trauma

Question 3

(Ulcer)

1. what is it?
2. What is required for an ulcer?
3. what commonly forms after an ulcer heals?

Answer 3

1. a deeper break in the continuity (relative to erosion) with the exposure of the underlying dermis
2. a deep pathologic process
3. a scar

Question 4

(Excoriation)

1. what is it?
2. recognized by what?
3. diffs?

Answer 4

1. erosions or ulcers caused by scratching, biting, rubbing

They are self-inflcted and associated with secondary bacterial infection

2. linear pattern
3. self-trauma from pruritis

Question 5

(Epidermal Collarette)

1. what is it?
2. often indicates what?

Answer 5

1. superficial lesion arranged as a circular rim of loose keratin
2. superficial staphylococcal infection

Question 6

(Lichenification)

1. what is it?
2. often result of what?
3. color?
4. indicates what?

Answer 6

1. thickened, hardened skin with exaggerated superficial skin markings (elephant hide)
2. friction
3. may be normal, erythmatous, often hyperpigmented
4. chronic inflammation

Question 7

(Draining Sinus Tracts)

1. what is it?
2. may result from what?
3. diff?

Answer 7

1. ulcerated tracts in the skin usually originating in the deep dermis or subcutaneous fat.
2. osteomyelitis (bone marrow infection)
3. deep pyoderma (furunculosis = rupture of hair follicle)

subcutaneous or deep mycotic infections

Question 8

(Hyperkeratosis)

1. what is it?

Answer 8

1. increase in the thickness of the stratum corneum (horny layer)

Question 9

(Fissure)

1. what is it?
2. can be caused by what?
3. They occur when?
4. occur more often where?

Answer 9

1. a linear cleavage into the epidermis, extending sometimes into the dermis
2. disease process or injury
3. when the skin is thick and inelastic and then subject to sudden swelling from inflammation or trauma
4. ear margins, footpads, mucocutaneous junctions of the mouth and anus, and planum nasale