Define epistemic bubble
Social structure where relevant voices have been left out
Define echo chamber
Social structure where relevant voices have been actively excluded and discredited through the manipulation of trust
Explain bootstrapped corroboration
When members of an epistemic bubbles increase self confidence due to agreement with selected peers
Explain evidential pre-emption
Process where an echo chamber predicts contrary testimony from outsiders
Explain a reverse Mandevillian intelligence
A social epistemic structure that means that some epistemic vices in individuals might actually make groups less epistemically successful
Explain the method used to break out of echo chambers
Social epistemic reboot:
Define “Epistemic Peer”
Person you judge as likely as you to provide the correct answer to a question.
Define “fake news”
Lack of truth (false) and lack of truthfulness (intent to deceive)
Difference between a liar and a bullshitter
Liar believes their statement is false
Bullshitter does not care if their statements are true or false
Why is bullshitting considered more problematic than lying?
Requires no knowledge
Psychologically easier
Explain the two types of research
Deep research: first order evidence, typically requires expertise
Shallow research: well-credentialed sources, guided by deference to experts
‘Post truth’ take 1 for why claims are no longer subject to the standard of truth
Support based on emotion, attention grabbing, protest or a desire to belong -> regardless of truth value
Truth isn’t the primary goal of communication
Explain “Take 2A”
Sincerity > Accuracy
Explain ‘Take 2B’
Subjectivism > objectivism
If one believes p, then it is the case that p.
