Shoulder Dislocation

Question 1

What is the percentage of shoulder dislocations that are anterior?

Answer 1

95%

Anterior dislocations are the most common type of shoulder dislocation.

Question 2

What are common causes of shoulder dislocation?

Answer 2

Direct trauma to the arm when extended and externally rotated

This is often seen in contact sports, motor vehicle accidents, or falls.

Question 3

List three predisposing factors for shoulder dislocation.

Answer 3

• Ligamentous laxity
• Previous shoulder dislocation
• Participation in high-risk activities

Question 4

What condition is particularly associated with posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 4

Electrocution injuries

Posterior dislocations are less common but can occur due to specific trauma.

Question 5

What are the common signs and symptoms of a dislocated shoulder?

Answer 5

• Severe shoulder pain
• Limited range of motion
• Visible joint deformity
• Swelling and bruising
• Arm held in external rotation and abduction (anterior dislocation)
• Arm held in internal rotation and adduction (posterior dislocation)

Question 6

What mnemonic can help remember the position of the arm in a posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 6

POINTeD

This stands for Posterior, Internal Rotation, ADduction.

Question 7

What is a common differential diagnosis for shoulder dislocation that involves pain without joint deformity?

Answer 7

Shoulder sprain or strain

Patients may experience pain and limited range of motion without visible deformity.

Question 8

What imaging modality is primarily used for diagnosing shoulder dislocation?

Answer 8

Plain radiograph

This will reveal the displacement of the humeral head.

Question 9

What is a Bankart lesion and when might it be observed?

Answer 9

It may be seen in an anterior shoulder dislocation

A Bankart lesion is a specific type of injury to the shoulder.

Question 10

What initial treatment is recommended for a shoulder dislocation?

Answer 10

• Pain management
• Reduction of the dislocation

Question 11

How long should the shoulder be immobilized after reduction?

Answer 11

1-3 weeks

Question 12

What is the purpose of rehabilitation exercises after shoulder immobilization?

Answer 12

To restore range of motion, strength, and function

Question 13

What imaging might be used to assess associated injuries after a shoulder dislocation?

Answer 13

• Computed tomography (CT)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 14

True or False: A rotator cuff tear presents with visible joint deformity.

Answer 14

False

A rotator cuff tear presents with severe pain and weakness but usually lacks the visible deformity typical of dislocations.

Question 15

What is the typical position of the arm in an anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 15

External rotation and abduction

Question 16

What type of joint injury is characterized by pain at the top of the shoulder?

Answer 16

Acromioclavicular joint injury

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The majority of shoulder dislocations occur due to _______.

Answer 17

[direct trauma to the arm when it is in an extended and externally rotated position]

Question 18

What is the cause of posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 18

Seizures due to violent, uncoordinated muscle contractions.

The humeral head becomes internally rotated, resulting in the classic “light bulb sign” on AP X-ray, where the humeral head appears rounded and symmetric.

Question 19

What are common presentations of a clavicle fracture?

Answer 19

Pain and tenderness over the clavicle, swelling and bruising, decreased range of motion in the affected arm, a visible deformity or bump over the fracture site, an audible crack or grinding sound with arm movement

These symptoms help in diagnosing clavicle fractures.

Question 20

How are non-displaced or minimally displaced clavicle fractures typically managed?

Answer 20

Conservatively with a figure-eight bandage or sling for arm support, combined with pain management and physical therapy for range of motion and strength recovery

This approach focuses on non-invasive treatment methods.

Question 21

What is the common surgical intervention for displaced or complex clavicle fractures?

Answer 21

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws

This method is used to stabilize the fracture for proper healing.

Question 22

What is the purpose of regular follow-up visits after a clavicle fracture?

Answer 22

To monitor healing and manage potential complications, such as non-union, malunion, or hardware irritation

Regular assessments are crucial for ensuring proper recovery.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Patients with a clavicle fracture may experience _______.

Answer 23

Pain and tenderness over the clavicle

This is one of the primary symptoms leading to diagnosis.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Displaced or complex clavicle fractures often require _______.

Answer 24

Surgical intervention

This is necessary to ensure proper alignment and healing of the bone.

Question 25

True or False: Non-displaced clavicle fractures require surgical management.

Answer 25

False ## Footnote Non-displaced fractures are usually managed conservatively.

Question 26

What are the potential complications of clavicle fractures that need to be monitored?

Answer 26

* Non-union * Malunion * Hardware irritation ## Footnote These complications can affect the healing process and overall recovery.

Question 27

What are common presentations of a clavicle fracture?

Answer 27

Pain and tenderness over the clavicle, swelling and bruising, decreased range of motion in the affected arm, a visible deformity or bump over the fracture site, an audible crack or grinding sound with arm movement ## Footnote These symptoms help in diagnosing clavicle fractures.

Question 28

How are non-displaced or minimally displaced clavicle fractures typically managed?

Answer 28

Conservatively with a figure-eight bandage or sling for arm support, combined with pain management and physical therapy for range of motion and strength recovery ## Footnote This approach focuses on non-invasive treatment methods.

Question 29

What is the common surgical intervention for displaced or complex clavicle fractures?

Answer 29

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plates and screws ## Footnote This method is used to stabilize the fracture for proper healing.

Question 30

What is the purpose of regular follow-up visits after a clavicle fracture?

Answer 30

To monitor healing and manage potential complications, such as non-union, malunion, or hardware irritation ## Footnote Regular assessments are crucial for ensuring proper recovery.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: Patients with a clavicle fracture may experience _______.

Answer 31

Pain and tenderness over the clavicle ## Footnote This is one of the primary symptoms leading to diagnosis.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Displaced or complex clavicle fractures often require _______.

Answer 32

Surgical intervention ## Footnote This is necessary to ensure proper alignment and healing of the bone.

Question 33

True or False: Non-displaced clavicle fractures require surgical management.

Answer 33

False ## Footnote Non-displaced fractures are usually managed conservatively.

Question 34

What are the potential complications of clavicle fractures that need to be monitored?

Answer 34

* Non-union * Malunion * Hardware irritation ## Footnote These complications can affect the healing process and overall recovery.

Question 35

When is figure of eight brace used?

Answer 35

Immobilising clavicle fracture

Question 36

When is a broa arm sling used?

Answer 36

For shoulder dislocations that does not require surgical intervention

Question 37

What is a shoulder spica cast used for?

Answer 37

cast applied around the neck and trunk of the body usually after major surgery on the neck or shoulder such as complete rupture of the rotator cuff

Question 38

What is a collar and cuff sling used for?

Answer 38

Humerus fracture immobilisation

Question 39

Which shoulder dislocation is most common?

Answer 39

Anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 40

What is a cause of posterior dislocation?

Answer 40

Seizures and electoruction

Question 41

What type of shoulder dislocation will have slight abduction & external rotation ?

Answer 41

Anterior

Question 42

What type of shoulder dislocation will have slight adduciton & internal rotation ?

Answer 42

Posterior

Question 44

What causes arm held in fixed abduction at 125 degrees?

Answer 44

Inferior shoulder dislocation

Question 45

Which nerve is commonly injured in Arteria shoulder dislocation?

Answer 45

Axillary nerve casing numbness to lateral deltoid and weak shoulder abduction

Question 46

Which defect may occur in shoulder dislocation?

Answer 46

Hills-Sach defect- dent or indentation on the back of the humerus head (the ball part of the upper arm bone) that results from an anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 47

Which X ray views to do for shoulder dislocation?

Answer 47

AP view + Y or axilliary view BOTH before & after reduction

Question 48

What is a key sign for posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 48

Lightbulb sign

Question 49

What bony injury may occur with anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 49

Hills-Sachs defect, a compression fracture dent

Question 50

What is an inferior shoulder dislocation presentation?

Answer 50

Inferior shoulder dislocations present with arm held in fixed abduction >125 degrees

Question 51

How does posterior dislocation present?

Answer 51

adduction & internal rotation

Question 52

How does anterior dislocation present?

Answer 52

Abduction and external rotation