Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeleton transmits the force generated by muscle contraction, providing _______ and for _______

Answer 1

• support for maintenance of posture
• movement and locomotion

Question 2

Skeleton often serves to amplify the ______________

Answer 2

displacement, the velocity or the force of muscle contraction

Question 3

2 major categories of skeleton

Answer 3

• non-rigid
• rigid

Question 4

2 major categories of skeleton

Answer 4

• non-rigid
• rigid

Question 5

hydrostatic skeleton is ______

Answer 5

non-rigid

Question 6

water pressure inside an earthworm is an example of _____ skeleton

Answer 6

non-rigid

Question 7

bones inside the human hand is an example of ______

Answer 7

endoskeleton

Question 8

the shell outside a snail is an example of _____

Answer 8

exoskeleton

Question 9

inn hydrostatic skeleton, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by ________

Answer 9

internal pressure

Question 10

skeleton is _____

(rigid or non-rigid)

Answer 10

rigid

Question 11

2 variations of skeleton

Answer 11

• endoskeleton
• exoskeleton

Question 12

exoskeleton is secreted by the ______

Answer 12

epidermis

Question 13

exoskeleton is secreted by the ______

Answer 13

epidermis

Question 14

exoskeleton can be:

Answer 14

• chitin exoskeleton
• calcium carbonate exoskeleton

Question 15

functions of the skeletal system

Answer 15

• support
• movement
• protection
• blood production
• storage

Question 16

5 types of bone

Answer 16

• long bone
• short bone
• irregular bone
• sesamoid bone
• flat bone

Question 17

example of long bone

Answer 17

humerus

Question 18

example of short bone

Answer 18

caral bone

Question 19

example of irregular bone

Answer 19

vertebra

Question 20

example of flat bone

Answer 20

sternum

Question 21

example of sesamoid bone

Answer 21

• patalla

Question 22

bone formation and development (20

Answer 22

• intramembranous ossification
• endochondral ossification

Question 23

intramembranous ossification =

Answer 23

• membrane / dermal bone

Question 24

endochondral ossification =

Answer 24

cartilage bone / replacement bone

Question 25

intramembranous ossification commences in ____

Answer 25

utero

Question 26

this ossification continues on into adolescence

Answer 26

intramembranous ossification

Question 27

bdvisions of the skeletal system

Answer 27

- axial - appendicular

Question 28

bones of the appendages and grdles

Answer 28

appendicular

Question 29

bones of the head and the trunk

Answer 29

axialaxial skeleton includes:

Question 29

bones of the head and the trunk

Answer 29

axial

Question 30

axial skeleton includes:

Answer 30

- skull - hyoid bone - vertebral olumn -bony thorax

Question 31

structures of long bone:

Answer 31

-periosteum - compact bone - spongy bone - bone marrow

Question 32

fills the gaps between the spongy bone

Answer 32

bone marrow

Question 33

lies beneath the periosteum

Answer 33

compact bone

Question 34

covers bones

Answer 34

periosteum

Question 35

lies beneath the compact bone

Answer 35

spongy bone

Question 36

total number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 36

7

Question 37

total number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 37

12

Question 38

total number of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 38

5

Question 39

the only bone that does not articulate with another bonr

Answer 39

hyoid bone / apparatus

Question 40

hyoid bone serves as a ____ base for the tongue, and other muscle attachments

Answer 40

movable

Question 41

appendicular skeleton includes:

Answer 41

- pectoral girdle - upper limbs - pelvic girdle - lower limbs

Question 42

the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the forelimbs or pectoral fins

Answer 42

pectoral girdle

Question 43

pectoral girdle includes:

Answer 43

- clavicle - scapula

Question 44

upper limbs include:

Answer 44

arms

Question 45

pelvic girdle uncludes:

Answer 45

- sarcum - coccyx

Question 46

lower limbs include

Answer 46

- legs

Question 47

bone articulations

Answer 47

- fibrous - cartilaginous - synovial

Question 48

sightly movable, bones are attached by cartilage, little movement

Answer 48

crtilginous

Question 49

immovable articulation

Answer 49

fibrous

Question 50

freely movable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints

Answer 50

synovial

Question 51

cavities between bones are filled with ______

Answer 51

synovial fluid

Question 52

examples of cartilaginous bones

Answer 52

spine or ribs

Question 53

examples of fibrous bones

Answer 53

skull and pelvis

Question 54

the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the hindlimbs or pelvic fins

Answer 54

pelvic girdle

Question 55

6 types of joint

Answer 55

- plane joint - hinge joint - pivot joint - condyloid joint - saddle joint - ball-and-socket joint

Question 56

clinical correlates of bones (under bone growth)

Answer 56

- longitudinal growth - circumferential growth

Question 57

clinical correlates of bones (under bone development)

Answer 57

- typical adult bone development - aging - women

Question 58

longitudinal growth of bones stops at ____ y/o

Answer 58

18

Question 59

- diameter increases throughou lifespan - most rapid growth at childhood

Answer 59

- circumferential growth

Question 60

other clinicalcorrelates of bones:

Answer 60

- bone hypertrophy and atrophy - osteoporosis - female athlete triad

Question 61

a disorder involving decreased bone mass and strength with one or more resulting fractures

Answer 61

osteoporosis

Question 62

reduced bone mineral density

Answer 62

osteopenia