solar system
The Solar System is the Sun and all the planets, moons, and other objects that orbit it.”
the sun meaning
-central star of our solar system
-provide heat and light,keeping planets and other objects in orbit due to its gravity
8 planets in the solar system in order from the sun
Mercury – closest to the Sun, small and rocky.
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune-farthest from sun
dwarf planets
small objects orbiting the sun, example pluto and eris
asteroids
-mainly found in the asteroid belt between mars and jupiter;rocky objects that orbit the sun
moons
natural satellites that orbits planets
the sun also knows as?
a star and it is the closest star to earth
what is sun mostly made up of
hydrogen and helium
what energy does the sun radiate
-infrared
-visible
-ultraviolet
does the sun contain most of the mass of solar system?
Yes,which is why planet orbit around the sun
what force of the sun keeps object in orbit?
gravitational force
astronomical distance
distance in space is measured in light years
1 light year meaning
distance travelled by lighting one year in a vacuum
calculate light year
time=distance/speed of light
orbital speed
speed at which a planet orbit the sun
formula:
v=2πr/T
r-radius of orbit
T-orbital period
observation of orbital speed
-strenght of sun’s gravitational field decreases with distance
-orbital speed of planet decreases as distance from the sun
energy production in stars
Stars are powered by nuclear reactions that release energy.
In stable stars, hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium, releasing energy in the process.
formation of stars
Stable stars are formed as protostars.
Protostars develop from interstellar clouds of gas and dust (nebulae) due to gravitational attraction.
nebula from a supernova
When a massive star explodes as a supernova, it creates a nebula.
This nebula can form new stars and sometimes orbiting planets.
life cycle of a small mass star(like the sun)
-main sequnce
-red giant
-end stage
main sequence of a small mass star
the star fuses hydrogen into helium steadily
red giant
Hydrogen runs out in the core → star expands and cools → becomes a red giant.
end stage
The outer layers are blown away into space, forming a planetary nebula.
The core that’s left behind becomes a white dwarf.
life cycle of a large mass star
-red supergiant
-supernova
-end stage
