what character is used to concatenate strings?
the period ( . )
$msgs = 5;
echo “You have “ . $msgs . “ messages.”;
output: You have 5 messages.
to add value to a string variable
$bulletin .= $newsflash;
heredoc
«<_END …multiline block here… _END;
(END can be replaced with any tag prefaced with an underscore, i.e. _SECTION1, _OUTPUT, etc.
constants
define(“ROOT_LOCATION”, “/usr/local/www/”);
*Constants do not have to be prefaced with a $ and must be defined with the define function