Structures with psych function

Question 1

fear, sadness, pleasure

Expected result of blood flow

Answer 1

inc blood flow in limbic, dec in higher cortical areas

Question 2

pleasure

Answer 2

orbitofrontal, ACC,, insula

Question 3

making the past meaningful
links valence with memory
richest dopaminergic innervations
motivational salience for lovers

Answer 3

Anterior cingulate gyrus- lights up when you see your crush

Question 4

estimates rewards and punishment
adopt and regulate emotional response to a new stimulus

Answer 4

prefrontal cortex

Question 5

brings emotion/ visceral feelings to consciousness

Answer 5

insula

Question 6

social emotions and moral judgememt

Answer 6

cigar shaped spindle cells/ Von economo located in ACC, insula and prefontal cortex

Question 7

empathy

Answer 7

mirror neurons in ACC and insula

Question 8

pleasure

Answer 8

medial forebrain bundle , septal and lateral hypothalamus

Question 9

affected structures in ADHD

Answer 9

ABN in frontostriatal brain (DACC) - deficits in attention, self regulation, cognition, working memory

pet - reduced perfusion in bilateral frontal
fmri- DACC dysfunction

methylphenidate- stimulant - inc perfusion in prefrontal, straital and thalamic

Question 10

structures among adolscents worth noting in social awareness and mentalizing abilities

Answer 10

medial prefrontal cortex
post superior temporal sulcus
temporoparietal junction

Question 11

changes in PET a,ong schiz pxs

Answer 11

dec metabolic activity bilateral prefrontal and inc in occipital

Question 12

fear conditioning / startle

Answer 12

amygdala- associating a stimuli to a negative affect

hippocampus- gives contextual cues

Question 13

structure for extinction

Answer 13

frontal lobe

Question 14

brain structures in

declarative memory

nondeclarative memory

Answer 14

brain structures in

declarative memory - MTL, and diencephalon

nondeclaratrive memory - neocortex, neostriatum

Question 15

intuition

Answer 15

orbitofrontal cortex

Question 16

identifies the what- shape, form, color

WHAT

Answer 16

Left inf temporal

location, distance, WHERE- posterior parietal lobe

Question 17

lesion bet the left inf temporal and left parietal ex:

Answer 17

Proposopagnosia- inability to recognize faces- disconnection on whta and where

Question 18

where is the lesion in apperceptive visual agnosia ?
- inability to identify and draw and

Answer 18

bilateral visual association areas

Question 19

where is the lesion in associative visual agnosia ?
- inability to name and use

Answer 19

bilateral medial occipitotemporal lesion

Question 20

where is the lesion?

color agnosia

Answer 20

dominant occipital lobe, splenium corpus callosum

Question 21

failure to acknowledge blindness

Answer 21

antons syndrome
bilateral occipital lobe

Question 22

Balint syndrome

Answer 22

opptic ataxia
oculomotor apraxia
simultagnosia
Bilateral parietooccipital lobe

Question 23

where is the lesion in Gertsmann syndrome

Answer 23

left / dominant pareital lobe
left- right disorientation
finger agnosia
acalculia
dysgraphia

Question 24

disconnection on left parietal lobe to the wernickes area =

Answer 24

word deafness

vs

auditory sound agnosia- inability to recognize non verbal sounds ex: meow
right parietal hemisphere

Question 25

taste

Answer 25

medial temporal lobe

Question 26

OCD and tourettes share changes in this area

Answer 26

dec in activation of caudate vs Parkinsons- inc activation in caudate bec of lack of diopaminergic inhibition Huntingtons-dec in size of caudate

Question 27

GP change in what d/o

Answer 27

wilsons and CO poisoning

Question 28

changes in STN

Answer 28

ballistic movements

Question 29

type of apraxia, series of actions cannit be done

Answer 29

Ideational apraxia- left parietal lobe lesions, ALz vs. Ideomotor- inability to perform isolated acts - wernickes, callosal area

Question 30

hunger center and satiety center ?

Answer 30

Hunger - gusto LAMON- lateral nucleus of hypothalamus satiety - Mabsi - medial nucleus

Question 31

recognition of faces

Answer 31

left inf temporal lobe

Question 32

olfaction

Answer 32

right frontal lobe

Question 33

levels of language comprehension and location

Answer 33

ponological - individual sounds, vowels- inf frontal lobe lexical - sounds will be put into words based from memory , left inf temporal lobe semantic - words with meaning , perception , wernickes area / left middle / sup temporal lobe

Question 34

identofication of letters

Answer 34

occipital lobe

Question 35

music production

Answer 35

on right hemisphere

Question 36

attention

Answer 36

right frontal lobe - DLPFC ADHD - hypometabolism in right frontal lobe

Question 37

working memory

Answer 37

DLPFC working memory- ability to store info for several seconds working memory and decision making- lateral post parietal cortex

Question 38

structures important in memory formation

Answer 38

MTL - hippocampus formation and storage of immediate nad recent - amygdala- gives emotional experience Diencephalic - DM thalamus - Di aging memory - mamillary bodies - lesion: Korsakoff : diff creating new, recall remote Basal ganglia and Brainstem

Question 39

Gastaut geswind personality

Answer 39

perosnlity of pxs with TLE seroius humorless philosophical viscous hypergraphia hyposexuality left - humorless, philosophical right- emotionality (elation to sadness)

Question 40

lesion on temporal lobe

Answer 40

Kluverbucy - exactly opposite of Gastaut (TLE) hypersexuality placidity inability to recognize emotional significance of visual stimuli

Question 41

prefrontal cortex baseline mood fxns

Answer 41

left - lifts the mood - lesion- depression right - depression- lesion- elation seziures on the left- Gelastic seizures- laughter!

Question 42

changes in brain of Schiz

Answer 42

Dec brain wt of gray and white matter Dec vol of hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocmapus dec activation of frontal, inc acti of temporal = willed action dec densitry of neuropil hypometabolism in prefrontal= loosening of associations

Question 43

salience network, detection of incoming stimuli

Answer 43

VMPFC, ACC and insula

Question 44

default network, theory of mind and internal cognition

Answer 44

medial PFC, post cingulate cortex, medial posterior parietal