Sx Diseases 3

Question 1

What is the most common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs?

Answer 1

Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) “rupture”
- rupture -> is usually a chronic, insidious, degenerative disease process
- partial > complete tears

Question 2

What are the two bands of the cranial cruciate ligament? Which one tears in a partial CCL tear?

Answer 2

Bands:
1. Craniomedial
2. Caudolateral

Partial CCL tear = craniomedial band (is normally taut in BOTH ext. & flexion -> partial on drawer test = only present in flexion)

Question 3

CCL origin/insertion

Answer 3

Origin: intercondyloid fossa from caudomedial part of lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: intercondyloid area of tibia (CCL extends distal diagonally + cranially)

Question 4

What are the 3 axes of rotation of the stifle joint? Which is the most detrimental force in CCL ruptures?

Answer 4

1. Internal rotation (axial)
2. Extnesion & flexion
3. Cranial translation (in tears)

• CCL functions to keep all 3 in check/limit them

Question 5

Medial crural fascia
- what muscles comprise it (3)
- what are its function (2)

Answer 5

• Comprised of the aponeuroses of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus insertions
• Function as the ACTIVE restraints: stifle flexion + internal rotation stability

Biceps femoris does external rotation (lies laterally)

Gastrocnemius contributes slightly to stifle flexion as well

Question 6

What are the passive restraints of the stifle? (3)

Answer 6

• Cranial + caudal cruciate ligg.
• Medial + lateral collateral ligg.
• Menisci

Active: those of medial crural fascia

Question 7

The typical signalment and clinical signs of CCL patient

Answer 7

1. Young, middle-aged, and active large-breed dog
2. Female > male
3. Hyperextension of leg