Terms

Question 1

Empiric

Answer 1

Initiation of drugs (often broad spectrum) piror to identification of causitive organisms

Question 2

Directed

Answer 2

Drugs targeting causitive organisms upon culture results

Question 3

Prophylaxis

Answer 3

Administration of drugs to prevent or reduce risk of infection

Question 4

De-escalation

Answer 4

Process of streamlining antimicrobial therapy from broad spectrum to narrow spectrum based on the patient’s culture results

Question 5

Antimicrobial stewardship

Answer 5

Effort to measure & improve how antibiotics are prescribed by clinicians & used by patients

Question 6

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

Disposition of a drug in the body (ADME)
“What the body does to the drug”
Include: Cmax, AUC0–>24, T>concentration, Cmin

Question 7

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 7

Relationship between the concentration of a drug at the site of action & subsequent effect, mechanism of action, and toxicity
“What the drug does to the bug”
Includes: fT>MIC, Cmax/MIC, AUC0–>24/MIC

Question 8

Antimicrobial Combination

Answer 8

Used in serious infections, prevent drug resistance, epiric broad-spectrum of activity, polymicrobial infections

Question 9

Synergy

Answer 9

Activity of antimicrobial combination is greater than sum of activity of either agent alone

Question 10

Indifference

Answer 10

Activity of antimicrobial combination is similar to additive effects of either agent alone

Question 11

Antagonism

Answer 11

Activity of antimicrobial combination is worse than either agent alone

Question 12

Pathogens

Answer 12

Organisms capable of damaging host tissues & that elicit specific host responses & symptoms that are consistent with an infectious process. Transferred from patient to patient, vector to patients, environment to patient, or are derived from the patient’s own flora

Question 13

Infection

Answer 13

Establishment of a pathogenic organism in the host

Question 14

Infectious Disease

Answer 14

The interaction of the host, organism, and environment causes damage to the host & alteration in physiology results in clinical signs & symptoms of disease