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Flashcards in Test 2 Deck (16)
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1
Q

What stimulates amino acid metabolism?

A

excess protein and not enough energy

2
Q

When an amino acid is catabolized, what happens?

A

it is split into an alpha ketoacid and an amino group

3
Q

What does the amino group attach to to create glutamate?

A

alpha ketoglutarate

4
Q

What enzyme and coenzyme is used to convert alpha ketoglutarate to glutamate?

A

transaminase, pyridoxal phosphate

5
Q

What is glutamate considered?

A

a donor

6
Q

What happens when glutamate has another amino group attached to it?

A

it gets turned into glutamine by glutamine synthase

7
Q

Where does glutamine go? What happens to it when it gets there?

A

it goes to liver or the kidneys, an amino group comes off glutamine and turns back into glutamate

8
Q

What is oxidative deamination?

A

glutamate gets turned into an amino group and alpha ketoglutarate by glutamate dehydrogenase

9
Q

When glutamate gets turned into amino group and alpha ketoglutarate, what is the overall process called?

A

oxidative deamination

10
Q

Where does the alpha ketoacid go?

A

it depends on the demand, it could go to Krebs, GNG, or fat synthesis

11
Q

What amino acids can the muscle break down?

A

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Asparagine, Alanine, Glutamate

12
Q

Describe what alanine aminotransferase do?

A

it takes glutamate and pyruvate and turns it into alpha ketoglutarate and alanine, respectively.

13
Q

What happens to alanine?

A

it gets transferred through the blood and to the liver where it combines with alpha ketoglutarate and they get transferred into pyruvate and glutamate by alanine aminotransferase

14
Q

What happens to pyruvate in the liver during amino acid metabolism?

A

it goes through gluconeogenesis and back to the muscle

15
Q

What happens to glutamate in the liver during amino acid metabolism?

A

the amino group gets taken off glutamate and gets taken to the urea cycle

16
Q

What is the fate of amino acid?

A

it can get oxidized for ATP, sent to liver for glucose or sent to liver to turn into fat