Test Week 3

Question 1

CONSILIENCE

Answer 1

• The linking together of principles from different disciplines especially when forming a comprehensive theory
• Pieces of evidence that may tie together to support a conclusion whose total credibility is then greater than that given by any individual piece of evidence

Question 2

EMPIRICISM

Answer 2

• The view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience

Question 3

DUALISM

Answer 3

• The use of two irreducible, heterogeneous principles (sometimes in conflict, sometimes complementary) to analyze the knowing process (epistemological dualism) or to explain all of reality or some broad aspect of it (metaphysical dualism)

Question 4

DIALECTIC

Answer 4

• The process of reasoning to obtain truth and knowledge on any topic

Question 5

PREMISE

Answer 5

• One of the propositions from which together the conclusion is derived
• A suppressed premise is one that is in fact necessary for the conclusion for the conclusion to follow, but is not explicitly satisfied

Question 6

FALLACY

Answer 6

• Any error of reasoning
• Formal fallacies are in which something purports to be deductively valid reasoning but is not
• Informal fallacies in which some other mistake is made
• These may include the introduction of irrelevancies, failure to disambiguate terms, vagueness, misplaced precision

Question 7

INFERENCE

Answer 7

• Process of moving from one acceptance of some propositions, to acceptance of others
• A proposition upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn.

Question 8

PERSONHOOD PYSCH

Answer 8

• A conscious or rational being

Question 9

PERSONHOOD BIO

Answer 9

• A human being

Question 10

PERSONHOOD LEGAL

Answer 10

• Having certain rights and duties

Question 11

REASONING

Answer 11

• Process of drawing a conclusion from a set of premises

- Process of drawing logical inferences

Question 12

NARRATIVE

Answer 12

• Standard form for novels, films, TV dramas, histories and conversations
• Describe, portray actions in time
• Obtain chronology
• Although sequential, they are also internally connected and when viewed as a whole make up a plot in fiction and history

Question 13

EXPLANATION

Answer 13

• Easily confused with argument
• We already accept the truth of the statement, but we try to say how it is that it came about
• REASON/CAUSE THEN ACCEPTED FACT

Question 14

DESCRIPTION

Answer 14

• Gives one or more information about a particular topic eg. facts

Question 15

ARGUMENT

Answer 15

• Aim to justify the truth of some statement by giving reasons for it
• REASON THEN CONCLUSION

Question 16

DICHOTOMY

Answer 16

• A division into two

- A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.

Question 17

ARGUMENT DEFINITION

Answer 17

Series of statements typically used to persuade someone of something or to present reasons for accepting a conclusion