nutrition > Test3JEP > Flashcards

Test3JEP Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the trace minerals we discussed in chapter 10?

A

Copper, selenium, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum

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2
Q

What are the ultra trace minerals we discussed in chapter 10?

A

Nickel, silicon, time, lithium, vanadium, aluminum, lead, and mercury

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3
Q

What are the main common functions for trace minerals in the body?

A

What is: most are involved in the metabolism process serving as catalysts for enzymes and/or a coenzyme.

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4
Q

What is the main common function for the ultra trace minerals?

A

most has unclear bodily roles and/or are considered to be an environmental contaminant.

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5
Q

What are the names of the ultra trace element that can be found….and abused….in a common OTC drug?

A

Aluminum hydroxide Antacids

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6
Q

What is the name of the ultra trace element that is used in dentistry?

A

Stannous (tin) Fluoride

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7
Q

What is the most common food source, to those at risk, to consume containing high levels of elements?

A

older fish in moderation, like tuna. Some supplements can contain lead, like bone meal and oyster shell

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8
Q

Why is it important to understand the signs and symptoms for hypo and hyper vitamins and minerals intake?

A

the oral cavity is often the first place that exhibits signs and symptoms due to the high cell turn over rate

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9
Q

What are some of the intra oral signs of hypo vitamin intake?

A

angular chelitis, glossitis, filliform papillae lost, and pallor of the tissues

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10
Q

What is the hypo state of Thiamin B1?

A

condition known as Beriberi. Muscle and nerve wasting

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11
Q

What is the condition associated with Riboflavin B2 hypo state?

A

What is disorders involving the eyes, skin and mucous membranes.

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12
Q

What is the condition associated with Niacin B3 hypo state?

A

Pellagra,

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13
Q

Pellagra, this includes the 4 D’s:

A

dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death

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14
Q

What is the condition associated with Pyridoxine B6 hypo state?

A

What is glossitis, filiform atrophy, and angular cheilosis

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15
Q

What is the condition associated with Folate/Folic Acid hypo state?

A

neural tube defects in babies

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16
Q

What is the condition associated with Cobalamin B12 hypo state?

A

Pernicious anemia, abnormally large immature RBC.

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17
Q

How much of the adult body is water?

A

adult body is 50-60% water

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18
Q

Where is this water mainly found in the body?

A

intracellular and extracellular fluid

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19
Q

How does our ICF and ECF remain in a constant pressure state?

A

by osmosis, cell membranes allow water to move freely in or out the cells to control the osmotic pressure.

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20
Q

What are some of the other roles of water?

A

What is lubricant, transporter of nutrients, main component of blood and urine excretion, and regulates body temperature.

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21
Q

What is the recommended requirements of water for men and women each day?

A

15/16 cups for men and 11/12 cups for women

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22
Q

What are some causes for increased water need?

A

high protein/high fiber, diarrhea, warm weather, exercise, and diet/social habits.

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23
Q

What type of patient is most at risk for fluid volume excess of water?

A

the congestive heart patient, renal failure, liver disease, and those taking high levels of steriods.

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24
Q

What are some of the signs of someone with Fluid Volume Deficit?

A

dry mouth, dry skin, decreased urination, and rapid weight loss

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25
What the 2 types of electrolytes known as
cations and anions
26
cations; AKA
positive
27
anions; AKA
negative
28
cations; types
sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium
29
anions; types
chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate
30
What is the problem with consumers choosing sea salt over table salt?
sea salt does not contain iodine of chloride
31
is essential for health in moderation to prevent anemia?
yes
32
Name the other minerals discussed in chapter 12 that are important for oral health
Zinc (collagen, cell growth, and immune defense) and Iodine (thyroid health).
33
What are the fat soluble
Fat- A, D, E, K
34
what are the water soluble vitamins
C
35
What is the difference between 1* and 2* vitamin deficiency?
1*- not enough intake. 2*- decrease absorption, increased need, excretion or destruction.
36
What are the main sources of vitamin A?
animal products, fruit and veggies, like carrots?Retinol & Beta-carotene
37
What are the main Hyper states for vitamin A?
Hyper: Birth defects, liver disease, eye/hair/skin issues and gingiva & bone affected.
38
What are the main Hypo states for vitamin A?
Hypo: growth retarded, night blindness/ eye ulcerations, infection susceptible and death.
39
What are some key differences between fat and water soluble? what does fat dissolve in?
fat
40
what does water dissolve in?
water
41
is fat stable in heat?
yes
42
is water stable in heat?
no
43
where is fat stored
in the liver
44
where is water stored?
minimally stored
45
fat requires bile for?
absorption
46
what are the main sources for vitamin D
fortified food (milk, OJ, cereals), fish oils, and from 10 minutes of sunshine
47
why is more vitamin D needed as we age?
the skin absorbs ½ as much and because it helps prevent bone fractures due to osteoporosis
48
What things greatly affect the amount of vitamin D from the sun?
using a sunscreen that is > 15 spf, increased melanin pigment, being home bound, and time of the year
49
What are the Hyper and Hypo states of vitamin D? hyper
Hyper: stomach issues, kidney damage, calcification of organs.
50
What are the Hyper and Hypo states of vitamin D? hypo
Ricketts- failure of bone to grow properly, enamel hyperplasia and periodontal disease.
51
What are the main physiological roles of vitamin E?
anticoagulant, helps immune response of wbc, and an antioxidant protecting cell membranes and fatty acids oxidation.
52
sources for vit-E
nuts, oils, green leafy vegetables and some fruits
53
What are the hyper states of vitamin E?
Hyper: hemorrhaging, muscle weakness and GI issues.
54
What are the hypo states of vitamin E?
hypo: anemia and declined physical function
55
What are the physiological roles of vitamin K?
involved in blood clotting, co-enzyme in bone formation, and not enough causes lower vitamin E levels.
56
What are the main sources of vitamin K?
What are fats and oils, green leafy vegetables and the SI bacteria.Cannot get too much.
57
What is hypo state of vitamin K?
diarrhea or bowel blockage, and hemorrhaging
58
What are the physiological roles of vitamin C?
coenzyme in collagen, antioxidant, promotes healthy capillaries, and enhances vitamin B’s and iron absorption.
59
What are the sources for vitamin C?
citrus fruits, tomatoes, leafy vegetables, and potatoes.No hyper state.
60
What is the hypo state of vitamin C?
gingival diseases due to collagen production; gingivitis and periodontitis. Known as scurvy.
61
What is the amorphous form of bone that is utilized when minerals in the diet are deficient?
calcium reserve
62
What are the physiological roles of calcium?
bone health, blood clotting, cell membranes, and salivary buffering.
63
What does the calcium phosphorus ratio mean and why is soda a concern?
ratio should be 1 to 1. If the phosphorus levels go up (with increased soda consumption) than the calcium levels go down
64
Mostly in dairy products or fortified, what are the hyper states
Hyper- rare, usually due to a medical issue. Can cause kidney stones, fatigue, GI issues, etc.
65
Mostly in dairy products or fortified, hypo states
Hypo- Rickets, osteoporosis, soft bones and perio disease
66
What are the main physiological roles and concerns with phosphorus?
Phosphorus is important in bone formation and health working with calcium. Found in many foods, rare deficiency
67
what can hyper state of phosphorus cause
hyper state can cause neuromuscular and bone issues
68
What are the main physiological roles and concerns with magnesium?
Magnesium has a role in bone health, cofactor for > 300 enzymes, nerve tissue, DNA/RNA, and clotting.
69
magnesium found in
Found in vegetables and grains, hyper can cause GI and kidney issues
70
magnesium hyper state
nerve, GI and kidney issues
71
What are the main physiological roles and concerns regarding fluoride?
Fluoride has no metabolic function, but is beneficial to bone and dental health (decreasing tooth solubility). It is found in many sources. Not absorbed well when taken with calcium. Hype state is skeletal and tooth fluorosis.
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