the brain- breedlove

Question 1

Sagittal plane

Answer 1

Divide in left and right halve

Question 2

Coronal plane

Answer 2

Divide in front and back

Question 3

Horizontal plane

Answer 3

Divide in upper and lower part

Question 4

Anterior/ Rostral

Answer 4

towards snout

Question 5

Posterior/ Caudal

Answer 5

towards tail

Question 6

Dorsal

Answer 6

towards top of head or Back

Question 7

Ventral

Answer 7

towards bottom of head or Belly

Question 8

Forebrain

Answer 8

telencephalon (cereberal hemispheres)

Diencephalon

Question 9

Telencephalon ( cereberal hemispheres)

Answer 9

Isocortex (neocortex), Basal ganglia, limbic system

Question 10

Diencephalon

Answer 10

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

Question 11

Hindbrain

Answer 11

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

Question 12

Metencephalon

Answer 12

Crebellum

Pons

Question 13

CNS

Answer 13

Brain + Spinal cord

Question 14

Basal ganglia

Answer 14

Caudate Nucleus + Putamen+ Globus pallidus+

=> involved in motor control, faciliate movement that is required and appropriate & inhibit unwanted behaviour

Question 15

Ventricles

Answer 15

lateral ventricles, third ventricles, cereberal adquaduct, fourth ventricel, central canal

Question 16

Thalamus

Answer 16

Cluster of nuclei, entering point of all sensory information
sends information to the somatosensory cortex and is involved in motor functions

receives information from the basal ganglia and cerebellum and sends it to the motor cortex

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Function Motor coordination & Control, integration of sensory and motor functions, learning

Question 19

pons

Answer 19

Motor control and sensory nuclei i.e. cranial nerve nuclei (entry point for information from the ear)

Question 20

medulla

Answer 20

• Transition from brainstem to spinal cord
• Nuclei of cranial nerves XI and XII- control neck & tongue muscles
• End point of reticular formation
• Controls vital functions such as breathing

Question 21

Ventricles/ Ventricular system, fluid filled

Answer 21

• Functions: (1) Shock absorber, (2) Medium for exchange of materials

Question 22

Lateral Ventricles

Answer 22

Extent to all four lobes

Question 23

Gyrus

Answer 23

a ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface

Question 24

Sulcus

Answer 24

a furrow of a convoluted brain surface

Question 25

Sylvian fissure

Answer 25

demarcates the temporal lobe

Question 26

Central sulcus

Answer 26

divides frontal from parietal lobe

Question 27

Precentral gyrus

Answer 27

motor control (map)

Question 28

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 28

touch

Question 29

White matter

Answer 29

a shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists largely of axons with white myelin sheaths

Question 30

Grey matter

Answer 30

areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and do not include myelin

Question 31

Lateral

Answer 31

toward the side

Question 32

Ipsilateral

Answer 32

same side of the body

Question 33

Contralateral

Answer 33

opposite side of the body

Question 34

Afferent

Answer 34

carries information into regions we are interested in

Question 35

Efferent

Answer 35

carries information away from the region of interest

Question 36

Myelencephalon

Answer 36

medulla

Question 37

Limbic system

Answer 37

A loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network that is involved in emotion and learning a) amygdala – emotion regulation (temporal lobe) b) Hippocampus (medial temporal lobe) c) Fornix d) Cingulate gyrus – direction of attention e) Olfactory bulb – smelling f) Mammillary bodies and hypothalamus – found in the diencephalon

Question 38

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 38

direction of attention

Question 39

olfactory bulb

Answer 39

smelling

Question 40

The brain and spinal cord are surrounded by meninges

Answer 40

1. Dura mater – outermost sheet 2. Pia mater – innermost sheet which adheres to the brain surface 3. Arachnoid – middle membrane which is ‘spiderweb-like  Space within the arachnoid is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (fills the cerebral ventricles) CSF