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Flashcards in Tissues of the Body Deck (32)
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1
Q

4 classes of tissues that comprise human body

A

(1) epithelial (2) connective (3) muscular (4) nervous

2
Q

what epithelial tissues line

A

all sufraces of body, both internal & external, w/ exceptions of bones & joints

3
Q

cells of epithelial tissues

A

have very little extracellular material b/n them

4
Q

lining epithelium examples

A

epidermis (outer layers) of skin, endothelial lining of blood vessels, lining of digestive tract & respiratory system, & epithelial components of all serous membranes of body (mesothelium)

5
Q

secretory epithelial cells

A

comprise secretory components of all glands of human body

6
Q

connective tissues are characterized by

A

presence of relatively abundant extracellular material & relatively loosely scattered cells (at least as compared to an epithelium)

7
Q

various types of connective tissue are distinguished by

A

nature of their extracellular material

8
Q

extracellular material of connective tissues consist of

A

very specific concentrations of protein fibers & ground substance

9
Q

all fibers & ground substance of any connective tissue are collectively referred to as

A

connective tissue matrix

10
Q

ground substance of connective tissues consists of

A

proteoglycans which usually have a very high affinity for water molecules

11
Q

tendons of muscles & ligaments that join bones are ___ tissues in which ___ fibers comprise most of the ___

A

(1) fibrous connective (2) protein (3) extracellular matrix

12
Q

fibrous connective tissues are referred to as such because of their

A

high concentration of collagen protein fibers

13
Q

cartilagenous & bony tissues are highly specialized for ___ and are often classified specifically as the ___

A

(1) support (2) supportive connective tissues

14
Q

extracellular matrix of cartilage is comprised of

A

very specific concentrations of protein fibers & proteoglycan ground substance which give the cartilage great strength & resiliency

15
Q

___ is the most supportive connective tissue int eh body & possesses ___

A

(1) bone (2) a mineralized extracellular matrix rich in calcium phosphates

16
Q

muscle tissues are characterized by

A

a high degree of contractility among their constituent cells

17
Q

skeletal muscle fibers

A

are usually under voluntary control & function primarily to move bones at synovial joints in various lever systems

18
Q

individual skeletal muscle cells are usually ___ & are referred to as ___

A

(1) very long & relatively thin (2) fibers

19
Q

due to the very specific arrangement of hte contractile proteins ___, skeletal muscle fibers have a ___ appearance as observed w/ various types of microscopy

A

(1) actin & myosin (2) cross banded (striated)

20
Q

three main types of muscle tissue

A

(1) skeletal (2) cardiac (3) smooth

21
Q

two basic types of epithelial tissues

A

(1) lining epithelium (2) glandular epithelium)

22
Q

cardiac muscle cells have a ___ appearance like ___ muscle fibers, but are ___

A

(1) striated (2) skeletal (3) involuntary

23
Q

cardiac muscle is almost exclusively found in the

A

walls of the heart

24
Q

smooth muscle fibers get their name b/c they

A

lack the cross banded pattern of organization in their contractile proteins, hence they appear smooth when observed w/ various types of microscopy

25
Q

smooth muscle is found in

A

the walls of hollow organs & blood vessels

26
Q

like ___ muscle, contraction of smooth muscle fibers is ___

A

(1) cardiac (2) involuntary

27
Q

nervous tissue is composed of

A

specialized cells called neurons which conduct electrical activity & supportive cells called neuroglia

28
Q

neurons have a cell body called the ___ which contains the ___ and very elaborate ___ machinery for the production of various ___

A

(1) soma or perikaryon (2) nucleus (3) cytoplasmic (4) structures & neurotransmitters

29
Q

neurons possess two specific types of cytoplasmic extensions involved w/ electrical conduction

A

dendrites & axons

30
Q

dendrites

A

conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body of the neuron

31
Q

axons

A

are usually long cytoplasmic processes which conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body

32
Q

neurons may have many ___ but always possess one and only one ___

A

(1) dendrites (2) axon

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