Tracheal Collapse

Question 1

Tinga, Vet Surg, 2015:
Extraluminal rings vs intraluminal stents

1. Mortality rates for extraluminal rings vs intraluminal stents?
2. What was associated with a shorter survival time?
3. Major complication rates for extraluminal rings vs intraluminal stents?
4. Which procedure resulted in more good or excellent outcomes?
5. What % of dogs developed post-op laryngeal paralysis after extraluminal rings vs intraluminal stents?

Answer 1

Tinga, Vet Surg, 2015:

1. Mortality rates: 8% for extraluminal rings vs 0% for intraluminal stents
2. Dogs with mainstem bronchial collapse had a 5 times shorter survival time
3. Major complication rates: 42% for extraluminal rings vs 43% for intraluminal stents
4. Extraluminal rings had more good or excellent outcomes (80%) than intraluminal stents (28%)
5. Post-op laryngeal paralysis occurred in 15% after extraluminal rings vs 3% after intraluminal stents

Question 2

Montgomery, Vet Surg, 2015:
Radiography vs CT for tracheal measurements

Difference in measurements by CT vs radiography?

Answer 2

Montgomery, Vet Surg, 2015:

CT measurements were on average 1mm larger than radiographic measurements

Question 3

Chisnell and Pardo, Vet Surg, 2015:
Tracheal ring prosthesis

1. Mortality rate?
2. What % of dogs required continued medical management post-op?
3. What % of dogs developed laryngeal paralysis post-op?
4. What % of dogs showed progression of tracheal collapse?

Answer 3

Chisnell and Pardo, Vet Surg, 2015:

1. 4% mortality rate
2. 35% required continued medical management post-op
3. 17% developed laryngeal paralysis post-op
4. 13% showed signs of progression of tracheal collapse

Question 4

Williams, VRU, 2016:
Fluoroscopy vs CT for tracheal measurements

Which imaging method resulted in larger tracheal lumen diameter measurements?

Answer 4

Williams, VRU, 2016:

CT resulted in larger tracheal lumen diameter measurements compared to fluoroscopy

Question 5

Raske, JVIM, 2018:
Tracheal stenting

1. Changes in tracheal diameters in the cervical trachea vs thoracic inlet vs intrathoracic trachea following stenting?
2. Initial stent length was what % higher than nominal length?
3. What was the mean long-term tracheal stent shortening %?

Answer 5

Raske, JVIM, 2018:

1. Mean % change in tracheal diameters was 5% for the cervical trachea vs 5.5% at the thoracic inlet vs 22% for the intrathoracic trachea
2. Initial stent length was 27% higher than nominal length
3. Mean long-term tracheal stent shortening was 10%

Question 6

Suematsu, Vet Surg, 2019:
Continuous extraluminal tracheal prosthesis

1. Mortality rate?
2. What % of dogs developed post-op laryngeal paralysis?
3. What % of dogs had recurrent tracheal collapse?
4. What % of dogs developed tracheal necrosis?
5. Pre-op harsh cough resolved in what % of dogs?
6. Pre-op goose-honking cough resolved in what % of dogs?

Answer 6

Suematsu, Vet Surg, 2019:

1. 2% mortality rate
2. 2% developed post-op laryngeal paralysis
3. 4% had recurrent tracheal collapse
4. 0% developed tracheal necrosis
5. Pre-op harsh cough resolved in 87%
6. Pre-op goose-honking cough resolved in 96%

Question 7

Weisse, JAVMA, 2019:
Endoluminal stenting

1. What % of dogs had improvement in goose-honking or raspy breathing?
2. What % of dogs had improvement in dyspnea?
3. Major complication rate?
4. Most common complications?

Answer 7

Weisse, JAVMA, 2019:

1. 89% had improvement in goose-honking or raspy breathing
2. 84% had improvement in dyspnea
3. 47% major complication rate
4. Most common complications were stent fracture and tissue ingrowth

Question 8

Violette, JVIM, 2019:
Endoluminal stenting

Most common major complications?

Answer 8

Violette, JVIM, 2019:

Most common complications were stent fracture (25%), obstructive tissue ingrowth (19%) and progressive tracheal collapse (12%)