What do you inspect urine for?
- Colour
- Straw coloured - normal
- Dark concentrated - dehydrated
- Red/pink - haematuria
- Brown - bile pigments/myoglobin
- Clarity
- Clear - normal
- Cloudy-debris - UTI
- Frothy - nephrotic syndrome
- Odour
- Offensive - UTI
- Sweet - diabetes
What are the steps?
- Don
- Check patients details
- Inspect colour, clarity and smell
- Check expiratory date of strip
- Place strip into urine sample (all zones emersed)
- Remove test stip removing excess urine
- Place horizontal on paper towel
- Interpret each test at appropriate time interval
- Discard waste into correct bins and wash hands
Cause?
UTI, MSSU should be done to confirm
Cause?
Glomerulonephritis - most common type is IgA
Renal biopsy to confirm
Cause?
Bladder tumour
Confirm by cystoscopy and biopsy of lesion
Cause?
Nephrotic syndrome
Renal biopsy to confirm
What does specific gravity tell you?
The higher the value the more dehydrated you are
(normal value between 1.002 and 1.030)
What does the presence of leukocytes and nitrates in urine suggest?
UTI
What does presence of glucose in urine suggest?
Diabetes
What does presence of glucose, ketones and low urinary pH suggest?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
What does raised specific gravity and proteinuria suggest?
Nephrotic syndrome
What would presence of blood suggest?
Glomerulonephritis, renal calculi or bladder malignancy
