Basic functions of kidney ureter bladder and urethra
K- produced urine
Uret- transports
Bladder- stored
Urethra- conducts
Functions of system
Regulated blood volume and ionic composition
Regulated blood pressure (amount of water lost and secretion of hormone renin)
Regulated blood pH (excretion of h+)
Excreted nitrogenous waste and toxins
Location of kidney, surrounding fat and adrenal location
Retroperitoneal
Left: t12-l2
Right: l1-l3
Surrounded by perirenal fat, renal fascia (surrounds perirenal fat) and paraneal fat (outside fascia)
Adrenal on superomedial surface of each kindey
Blood supply to kidney
Renal
Segmental (renal splits into segments)
Interlobar
Arcuate (wraps around lobe)
Interlobular are the tiny ones
Components of the nephron
Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Thick descending limb
Thin ascending and descending limb (loop of henle)
Thick ascending limb
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
What half of nephron is in cortex vs medulla
Loop of henle in medulla
Function of nephron
Blood is filtered in renal corpuscle
Rbc and large proteins retained by filter and lower molecular weight substances pass
Water ions and useful substances are reabsorbed
Cortical vs juxtamedullary nephron
Cortical lies more in the cortex and juxtamedullary is more in medulla
Renal corpuscle components
Afferent (in) arteriole
Efferent (out) arteriole
Glomerulus inside bowman’s capsule (filled with bowman’s space)
Glomerulus encased mesangial cells and has podocytes
Glomerular filtration
Fenestration (pores) prevent adulteration of blood cells but allows everything else to pass
Nasal lamina prevents large proteins from leaving
Slit membrane between podocytes prevent filtration of medium sized proteins
Function of each section in nephron
Renal corpuscle- filters
PCT- reabsorption of organic nutrients like ions and water
Thin descending limb- reabsorbs water
Thick ascending limb- reabsorbs na and cl
DCT- secreted ions acid (h+) and toxins and variable reabsorption
Collecting tubules- variable transportation
Aldosterone and ADH
Aldo- increase sodium reabsorption, water retention, and potassium excretion, which raises blood pressure and volume
ADH- It increases water reabsorption
Blood supply to cortical nephron vs juxtamedullary
Efferent artieriole forms capillary bed around tubule
Bass recta carry away water to preserve salt gradient
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Increases Filteration rate and increase BP
Macula dense cells monitor electrolytes
Juxtaglomerular cells- smooth muscles cells in afferent that secrete renin which increases BP
Sites of ureteric contraction
Ureteropelvic junction (kidney and ureter)
Crossings of iliac vessels
Ureterovesicsl junction (ureter and bladder)
