Major Functions of Kidney
- Regulation blood pressure
- Regulation of osmolality
- Maintenance of ion balance
- Homeostatic regulation of pH
- Excretion of wastes
Layers that surround the kidneys:
- therenalfascia
- the adipose capsule
- therenalcapsule
therenalfascia
(fibrous membrane): binds the organ to the abdominal wall
the adipose capsule
(layerof fat): cushions thekidney
therenalcapsule
(fibrous sac): surrounds the kidneyand protects it from trauma and infection
Nephron
- blood processing unit that consists of a glomerulus (tuft of capillaries) and renal tubule
Different parts of renal tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Descending limb of loop of Henle
- Ascending limb of loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
“fenestrated” glomerular endothelium
podocytes in Bowmen’s Capsule
Outward blood flow:
- the efferent arteriole exits the glomerulus and branches out into peritubular capillaries
Three processes of Urine Formation
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Filtration ( Urine Formation)
forcing fluids and dissolved substances through a membrane by pressure; occurs in glomerular capsule
Reabsorption ( Urine Formation)
movement of filtrate back into blood of peritubular capillaries or vasa recta; about 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood
Secretion ( Urine Formation)
process that adds materials to filtrate from blood
Roles of ADH
- It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve.
- ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood
Role of Aldosterone
- is a hormone produced by the adrenal gland.
- acts mainly in the functional unit of the kidneys to aid in the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water retention and to stabilize blood pressure.
Micturition:
- is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.
- Involves coordination among the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems that stem from different centers of the brain
Urinary tract infections (UTI):
- happens when germs infect the system that carries urine out of the body – the kidneys, bladder, and the tubes that connect them.
- Bladder infections are common and usually not serious if treated promptly. But if the infection spreads to the kidneys, it can cause more serious illness.
