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Anatomy BMSC > Week 3- anterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Week 3- anterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdomen called?

What planes

A

Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower

Divided by the trans umbilical plane and the median plane.

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2
Q

What are the nine quadrants of the abdomen called?

A 
Right and left hypochondrium. 
Epigastric
Right and left lumbar
Umbilical
Right and left inguinal
Suprapubic.
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3
Q

Which lines divide the abdomen into 9 quadrants?

A

The mid clavicular lines on each side

The subcostal and trans tubercular lines.

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4
Q

Below the umbilicus what can the superficial fascia be divided into?

A

Campers fascia (fatty) and Scarpers fascia (membranous).

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5
Q

Describe campers fascia?

A

Its a fatty layer that is continuous over the inguinal ligament into the fascia of the thigh and perineum.

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6
Q

In males, what is campers fascia continuous with?

A

It is continuous with the fascia of the penis. It looses its fatty layer and fuses with other layers of superficial fascia to form dartos fascia of the scrotum.

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7
Q

In females, what is campers fascia continuous with?

A

It retains its fatty layer and becomes the fascia of the labia majora.

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8
Q

Describe scarpa’s fascia?

A

Thin and membranous layer with little fat.

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9
Q

Where does scarpa’s fascia attach?

A

Attaches to the pubic symphysis and linea alba in the midline. It fuses with the fascia of the thigh below the inguinal ligament to form fascia lata.

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10
Q

What does scarpa’s fascia form in the male?

A

Forms fascia of the penis, dartos fascia and the fundiform ligament of the penis

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11
Q

What does scarpas fascia form in the female?

A

Contributes to the fascia of the labia majora

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the external oblique muscle?

A

Ribs 5-12 to the iliac crests and linea alba.

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13
Q

Where is the aponeurosis of the external oblique run (lines alba)?
What does the lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis form?

A

Runs from the xiphoid process to pubic symphysis.

Forms the roof of the inguinal canal and inguinal ligament.

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14
Q

What is the nervous supply to the external oblique muscle?

A

Anterior rami of T7-T12.

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15
Q

What is the function of external oblique?

A

Flexs the trunk on either side.

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16
Q

Where are the attachments of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Runs from iliac crests, inguinal ligament and thoracolumbar fascia to ribs 9-12.
Aponeurosis runs from linea alba, pectineal line and pubic crest.

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17
Q

What is the nervous supply to the internal oblique muscle?

A

Anterior rami of T7-L1.

18
Q

What is the function of the internal oblique muscle?

A

It flexes the trunk.

19
Q

What are the attachments of transverses abdominus?

A

Attaches from thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of ribs 7-12, iliac crests and inguinal ligament and inserts onto lines alba, pectineal line and pubic crest.

20
Q

What is the nervous supply to transverses abdominus?

A

T7-L1.

21
Q

What is the function of transversus abdominus?

A

It protects the internal organs.

22
Q

What are the attachments of rectus abdominus?

A

The xiphoid process of the sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, to the pubic tubercle, crest and symphysis.

23
Q

What is the nervous supply to the rectus abdominus muscle?

A

Anterior rami of T7-T12.

24
Q

What is the function of the rectus abdominus muscle?

A

Flexes the trunk and supports the organs.

25
Q

What is the function of the pyramidalis muscle?

A

Tenses the linea alba.

26
Q

Where would you find the pyramidalis muscle?

A

anterior to the rectus abdominus muscle.

It attaches from the pubis to the linea alba.

27
Q

What is the nervous supply to the pyramidalis muscle?

A

Anterior rami of T12.

28
Q

Describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

External oblique sends its aponeurosis anterior to the rectus abdominus muscle. Internal oblique sends half its aponeurosis infront of the rectus abdominus muscle and half behind.
Transversus thoracis sends its aponeurosis behind.

29
Q

Describe the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

A

External oblique, internal oblieque and transversus thoracis send their aponeurosis anterior to rectus abdominus.

30
Q

What is the significance of the arcuate line?

A

Its a line of fascia in a dome shape where the rectus sheath all goes anterior and therefore the rectus abdominus lies directly on transversalis fascia.

31
Q

What lies deep to transversalis fascia? What lies deep to this other layer?

A

A layer of deep fatty tissue. Any viscera present in this layer are retroperitoneal (e.g. kidneys).
Deep to the extraperitoneal fat layer is the parietal peritoneum.

32
Q

What are the three ‘folds’ on the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligament
Lateral umbilical fold.

33
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament?

A

A remnant of the urachus.

34
Q

What is the medial umbilical ligament a remnant of?

A

Umbilical artery.

35
Q

What is the significance of the lateral umbilical fold?

A

It contains the inferior epigastric vessels.

36
Q

What are the superficial veins that drain the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Thoracoepigastric veins and superficial epigastric veins.

37
Q

What are the superficial arteries that drain the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Musculophrenic branch of internal thoracic.

Superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac branches of femoral.

38
Q

What are the superficial nerves that supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A 
Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 6-12 intercostal nerves 
Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
39
Q

What are the deep vessels arterial supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

The superior and inferior epigastric vessels run posterior to the rectus abdominus and anastomose in the middle.
Also intercostal and lumbar arteries and the deep circumflex iliac artery.

40
Q

What are the deep nervous supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves.

41
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Superficial drainage splits into two. Superiorly it drains to the axillary nodes and inferiorly it drains to the superficial inguinal nodes.
Deep drainage goes to the parasternal nodes, lumbar nodes and external iliac nodes.

Anatomy BMSC (20 decks)

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