Problem 6 Flashcards
Which side-effects does disrupted sleep potentially have on a persons mental health?
- Psychiatric disorders
- -> anxiety/mood disorders - Degrading of neurocognitive functioning
- Experience of negative emotions
- -> amplified for adverse events - Altering of the ways one expresses, understands + modifies emotions
Emotion
Refers to a multi-faceted response to internal or external stimuli that allows the individual to meet the demands of their environment through changes in their subjective
- experience
- behavior
- physiology
Affect
Is a superordinate term of emotion
–> classified in valence or arousal level
Mood
Is a diffuse + long-lasting state of emotions
–> less likely to occur in response to a particular situation or stimuli
Which neural processes are involved in emotion regulation ?
The interaction of subcortical brain structures of the limbic system
–> these generate emotional responses to stimuli with control centers which in turn will regulate the emotional responses + behaviors
THUS: amygdala –> PFC
Sleep is comprised of 2 main types.
Name them.
- Rapid-eye movement
(REM) - Non-rapid-eye movement (NREM)
BUT: NREM can also be divided into 3 stages, each reflecting different depths of sleep
REM sleep
Is uniquely marked by
- activation of emotion-related brain regions
- -> amygdala + hippocampus - inhibition of aminergic NTs
- -> norepinephrine + serotonin
THUS: central role in consolidation of emotional memory + preservation of their affective tone
Sleep to forget, sleep to remember model
Assumes that REM sleep periods both
- strengthens declarative component of emotional experiences by activating emotion-related brains structures
- attenuates the affective tone of emotional experiences by ingesting the aminergic NTs
Competing model (to the sleep to forget, sleep to remember model)
Suggests that REM sleep actually excites emotional reactivity which reinforces the salience of emotional events
Modal model of Emotion generation
Occurs when an individual
- encounters an emotion-eliciting stimulus
- attends to + appraises it
- generates an emotional response
Emotion Regulation
Involves heterogenous actions that influence
- what emotions we have
- when we have them
- how we have them
Process model of ER
Suggests that ER strategies occur along a timeline of an unfolding emotional response + highlights 5 different processes that may occur to alter the course of an emotion
- Situation selection
- Situation modification
- Attentional deployment
- Cogntive change
- Response modulation
What effects will sleep deprivation have on emotional reactivity?
It will impact EG + ER and daytime mood
–> inability to
- identifying an Emotion as problematic
- Choosing an appropriate ER strategy + implementing it in ineffective way
Extended model of ER
Gross
Describes 3 stages of the emotion regulation cycle
- Identification
- -> of an emotion that should be regulated - Selection
- -> of strategy - Effective implementation
- -> of strategy
How does sleep deprivation and its effects on emotional reactivity show on a neuronal level ?
- Greater amygdala activation than rested people in response to negative emotional stimuli
- Loss of functional connectivity btw amygdala + mPFC
- Increased connectivity btw amygdala + autonomic activating brainstem areas
–> suggests a failure of top-down prefrontal control over emotional areas
