Problem 8 Flashcards
Mindfulness
Refers to a state of
- nonjudgmental attentiveness to
- awareness of
moment-to-moment experiences
Mindfulness has several key characteristics.
Name them
- Rezeptive awareness + registration of inner experiences
- Mindful info processing is pre-conceptual
- -> noticing what is happening bu not evaluating, analyzing, reflecting - Characterized by a present-oriented consciousness in which individuals focus on the moment
- -> rather than thinking about past or future - It is an inherent human capacity that varies in strength across situations or persons
Naturally-occuring mindfulness is related to … ?
Behavior regulation + psychological health
–> it can occur in everyday life and is determined by the degree by which one is fully immersed in the present moment + the duration
Affective-events theory
AET
Suggests that mindfulness may be positively related to job satisfaction
–> since work events are proximal causes of employee affective reactions, which in turn predict job satisfaction
e.g. mindful people will observe stressful events more objectively + refrain from attaching a meaning or evaluation to it, which win turn will help not to be biased
Emotional labor theory
Suggests that employees make use of two different ER strategies when they face a discrepancy between actually felt vs required emotions
–> surface vs deep acting
Surface acting
Aims at altering the outward emotional expression w/o changing the actual feeling
–> suppressing negative feelings + faking positive ones
e.g. done when you have to be of service to an unpleasant costumer
Surface vs deep acting influence on job satisfaction
Surface has a negative influence vs deep none
Employees work ing emotionally demanding jobs usually exert surface acting very frequently, which elicits negative feelings in terms of job satisfaction.
How can this be overcome ?
Through mindfulness burnout can be prevented in terms of emotional exhaustion
–> mindfulness counteracts surface acting because we use more PFC activity thus more rational
THUS: surface acting is turned into deep acting
Mindfulness affects …?
- Surface acting
- Emotional exhaustion
- Job satisfaction
Burn out
Indicates whether employees experience high levels of exhaustion + disengagement toward the job
–> indicator of long-term well-being
Why does burnout vary between persons ?
Because individuals high in neuroticism + exposed to unfavorable work environment are more likely to burn out
–> as opposed to emotionally stable
Job demands resources model
JD-R
Suggests that longterm exposure to job demands will exhaust employees cognitive + physical resources
–> on the long run will lead to energy depletion + health problems
e.g. cardiovascular or musculoskeletal diseases
Effort recovery theory
Employees have to invest effort to achieve work relate goals
–> this effort produces physical + physiological costs that are associated with working
BUT: these reactions are usually shortlived + reversible, but under certain circumstances they may turn into longterm chronic health problems
ex.: continuation of work during off-job time
Low effort activités
Require little to no effort and thus pose no additional demands on psychobiological system
–> contribute to adequate daily recovery by replenishing used physical + cognitive resources or acquiring new ones
Social acitivites
May lead to acquisition of social resources since these activities open up channels for social support
–> draw on different personal resources than those required to accomplish work-related tasks, thus relaxing
e.g. going out with friends, talking to family
