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MID I > Antibiotics by Use > Flashcards

Antibiotics by Use Flashcards

1
Q

Syphillis, strep pyogenes, Lyme, N. meningiditis, actinomyces (dental and IUD infection with “sulfur granules)

A

penicillin (G and VK)

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2
Q

Similar to penicillins, plus GNRs. H. influenza, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci

A

Amino-penicillin (amoxicillin, ampicillin)

“HELPSS kill enterococci”

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3
Q

Similar to penicillins including S. aureus (sinusitis), plus GNRs, Hemophilus, Moraxellae, bacteroides
Listeria is treated with ampicillin,
Women giving birth who are colonized with GBS

A

Amino-penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam)

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4
Q

MSSA, Sensitive staph and strep; E. coli, klebsiella

A

Anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)

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5
Q

Not discussed in video: pseudomonas?

A

Anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)

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6
Q

Used in patients with severe penicillin allergies, for GNRs only.

A

monobactams (aztreonam)

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7
Q

gram positive cocci, Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, pre-surgical for s. aureus prevention

A

1st generation cephalosporins (Cephalexin, cefazolin) “PEcK”

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8
Q

gram positive cocci, H. influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marscens

A

2nd generation cephalosporin: cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan “HEN PEcKS”

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9
Q

Enterobacteriaciae, intermediate resistant pneumonia, meningitis, neisseria gonorrhea (ceftriaxone)

A

3rd generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone, cefotaxime

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10
Q

Pseudomonas, meningitis

A

3rd generation cephalosporin: Ceftazidime

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11
Q

Staph, strep, pseudomonas, enterobacteriaciae, post-operative CNS infection

A

4th generation cephalosporin: cefepime

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12
Q

MRSA, resistant pneumococcal infections

A

5th generation cephalosporin: Ceftaroline

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13
Q

Bacteroides, pseudomonas

A

carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)

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14
Q

MRSA, resistant CNS, resistant S. pneumonia, enterococci, Listeria, bacillus, clostridium species, sever C. difficile colitis (when given orally or rectally, because it is not absorbed)

A

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

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15
Q

S. pneumonia, viridans group streptococci, GAS/GBS, S. aureus,
Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria, campylobacter, legionella, +/- haemophilus,
Mycoplasma/ureaplasma, chlamydia, treponema
Community-acquired pneumonia, Otitis media,Pertussis,Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis, MAC
Also used as alternative agents for strep infections, rheumatic fever prophylaxis, C. trachomatis urethritis, anthrax

A

macrolides (erythromycin)

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16
Q

See above, plus increased activity against H. influenza, E. coli, campylobacter, helicobacter pylori, mycobacterium avium intracellulare, toxoplasma

A

macrolides (azythromycin, clarithromycin)

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17
Q

Penicillin-resistant anaerobic infections, S. areus infections, susceptible strains of MSSA and MRSA

A

Clindamycin ( a lincosamide)

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18
Q

Second agent in the treatment of gram negative (pseudomonas, E. coli) or enterococcus infections; broad spectrum coverage for life-threatening infections; Enterococcal endocarditis, pseudomonas; sometimes inhalational therapy for CF patients

A

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

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19
Q

“Things that are weird,” acne, skin and soft tissue infections due to MRSA, tick-borne illnesses
(achieves levels of 10-26% of serum in CSF)

A

doxycycline (a tetracycline)

20
Q

Don’t use!! Causes death!!

A

tigecycline (a tetracycline)

21
Q

Nothing, really – high levels of toxicity. Used to treat typhoid fever (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi), meningitis in specific situations, and some rickettsial infections

A

chloramphenicol. Don’t use! Gray babies!

22
Q

Drug-resistant enterococcal or staphylococcal infection, MRSA pneumonia

A

linezolid (an oxalidinine)

23
Q

Vancomycin- or methicillin-resistant Gram positive infections

A

streptogramins (quinupristin and dalforpristin)

24
Q

Very well tolerated! Tx of STDs: gonorrhea, chancroid, chlamydial urethritis
Empiric therapy of travelers diarrhea (cipro)
MDR-TB
Levofloxacin is the treatment of choice for legionella pneumonia

A

fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

25
Q

UTIs, prostatitis, pneucystis carinii (jiroveci), diarrheal illnesses due to shigella, salmonella, and enterotoxigenic E. coli, upper and lower respiratory infections (caused by susceptible organisms); B. cepacia, nocardia

A

Sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

26
Q

VRE, MRSA, penicillin-resistant pneumococci

A

daptomycin

27
Q

Tx of anaerobic infections including those in the CNS (brain abscess), pseudomembranous colitis, bacteroides infections, C. diff

A

metronidazole

28
Q

Multi-drug resistant enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, klebsiella

A

polymyxin

29
Q

Do not use for anything except syphilis, strep B, Lyme, n. meningitidis, actinocyes

A

penicillin (G and VK)

30
Q

Do not use for MRSA (resistant because of PBP2)

A

anti-staphococcal penicillins (Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin)

31
Q

Do not use for MRSA, or anything that expresses AmpC (a beta-lactamase)

A

anti-pseudomonal (broad/extended spectrum) penicillins (with beta-lactamase inhibitors) (Ticarcillin-clavulanate, Piperacillin-tazobactam)

32
Q

Do not use this beta lactam for Gram positives, anaerobes

A

monobactams (aztreonam)

33
Q

Do not use for pseudomonas

A

All cephalosporins, except Ceftazidime

34
Q

Do not use for MRSA, E. Faecium, Listeria, stenatrophomonas, burkholderia **resistance can develop in pseudomonas, carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaciae

A

carbapenems (imipenam-clastatin, meropenam)

35
Q

Do not use for Gram negatives, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)

A

vancomycin

36
Q

Limited CNS penetration

A

macrolides, (erythromycin, asythromycin, clarithromycin), Clindamycin

37
Q

Do not use for Anaerobes, Neisseria, S. pneumoniae

A

aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)

38
Q

Rarely the initial drug of choice, don’t use in pregnant women because of hepatotoxicity

A

doxycycline (a tetracycline)

39
Q

Rarely used, because it causes death!

A

tigecycline (a tetracycline)

40
Q

Do not use for S. aureus or P. aeruginosa: resistance can occur during therapy with a single mutation!

A

fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

41
Q

Do not use for Enterococci

A

sulfas (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

42
Q

Do not use for Pneumonia (not adequate concentration in the lungs because it gets inactivated by surfactant)

A

daptomycin

43
Q

do not use in pregnant women

A

metronidazole

44
Q

do not use for gram positives

A

polymixins

45
Q

GNRs

A

Gram negative rods: Enterobacteriaceae–eg, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella

MID I (8 decks)

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