Chapter 19: Vocabulary

Question 1

Hemorrhage

Answer 1

An abnormal internal or external discharge of blood

Question 2

Shock

Answer 2

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 3

Clotting

Answer 3

The body’s three-step response to stop the loss of blood

Question 4

Vascular phase

Answer 4

The step in the clotting process in which smooth blood vessel muscle contracts, reducing the vessel lumen and the flow of blood through it.

Question 5

Platelet phase

Answer 5

Second step in the clotting process in which platelets adhere to blood vessel walls and to each other.

Question 6

Aggregate

Answer 6

To cluster or come together

Question 7

Fibrin

Answer 7

Protein fibers that trap red blood cells as part of the clotting process

Question 8

Lactic acid

Answer 8

Compound produced from pyretic acid during anaerobic glycolyis

Question 9

Anaerobic

Answer 9

Able to live without oxygen

Question 10

Fascia

Answer 10

A fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles and may also unite the skin with underlying tissue

Question 11

Hematoma

Answer 11

Collection of blood beneath the skin or trapped within a body compartment

Question 12

Esophageal varices

Answer 12

Enlarged and tortuous esophageal veins

Question 13

Melena

Answer 13

Black, tar like feces due to gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 14

Anemia

Answer 14

A reduction in the hemoglobin content in the blood to a point below that required to meet the oxygen requirements of the body.

Question 15

Pulse pressure

Answer 15

Difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Question 16

Catecholamine

Answer 16

A hormone, such as epinephrine or norepinephrine, that strongly affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, metabolic rate, temperature, and smooth muscle

Question 17

Hematochezia

Answer 17

Passage of stools containing red blood

Question 18

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 18

A decrease in blood press that occurs when a person moves from a supine or sitting to an upright position

Question 19

Tilt test

Answer 19

Drop in the systolic blood pressure of 20 mmHg or an increase in the pulse rate of 20 beats per minuted when a patient is moved from a supine to a sitting position; a finding suggestive of a relative hypovolemia

Question 20

Metabolism

Answer 20

The total changes that take place in an organism during physiological process

Question 21

Ischemia

Answer 21

A blockage in the delivery or oxygenated blood to the cells

Question 22

Hydrostate pressure

Answer 22

There pressure of the liquids in equilibrium: the press exerted by or within liquids

Question 23

Rouleaux

Answer 23

Group of red blood cells that are stuck together

Question 24

Washout

Answer 24

Release of accumulated lactic acid, carbon dioxide (carbonic acid) potassium, and rouleaux into the venous circulation

Question 25

Compensated shock

Answer 25

Hemodynamic insult to the body in which the body responds effectively. Signs and symptoms are limited, and the human system functions normally.

Question 26

Overdrive Respiration

Answer 26

Positive-pressure ventilation supplied to a breathing patient

Question 27

Pneumatic anti-shock garment

Answer 27

Garment designed to produce uniform press on the lower extremities and abdomen; used with shock and hemorrhage patients in some EMS systems