subacute presentation brucellosis
> 1 month
- fever
- joint pains
define influenza-like illness
- fever >38*c
- cough
presentation salmonella
- symptoms appear <48 hours after exposure
- diarrhoea lasts <10 days
- recent BBQ
- features of inflammation (fever, increased WCC)
- N+V
- abdo cramps
- headache
- haematochezia
define class III surgical site infection
contaminated wound (open/ fresh accidental or gross spillage from GI tract)
presentation pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia
- dry cough
- increasing SOB
- antibiotic course doesn’t solve it
explain avian influenza transmission
- highly contagious
- spreads through contact with infected birds - dead or alive
indication for investigations into secondary bacterial pneumonia
flu like symptoms + fever >4 days
malaria treatment
7 days quinine + oral doxycycline
common causes of leptospirosis
- cattle
- NE Scotland fish
- fife miners bitten by rates
- travellers who’ve been white water rafting
invasive candidiasis investigations
- culture from blood/ sterile site
- B-d-glucon
- PCR
aspergillus investigations in neutropenic patients
- high resolution CT
- galactomannan and PCR-aspergillus
- BAL + biopsies
presentation meningoencephalitis
- headache
- N+V
- confusion
- altered behaviour
- visual disturbances
- coma
how does HIV work
infects and destroys immune cells, especially those which are CD4+
slow with long incubation period
management chronic invasive and allergic aspergillosis
- amphotericin B formulations (IV)
- azoles (IV/ oral)
- echinocandins
- flucytosine (IV)
if a traveller has returned with splenomegaly, consider
- visceral leishmaniasis
- typhoid
- malaria
management norovirus
- isolation
- PPE
- rehydration
- strict infection control measures
procedural factors increasing risk of surgical site infections
- equipment not properly sterilised
- improper pre-op skin preparation
- improper anti-microbial prophylaxis
- break in sterile technique
- inadequate theatre ventilation
- perioperative hypoxia
define chronic HBV infection
persistence of HBsAg in the serum for >6months
furunculosis risk factors
- obesity
- DM
- atopic dermatitis
- chronic kidney disease
- corticosteroid use
management folliculitis
no treatment
how is e.coli 0157 spread
faecal -> oral route
contaminated water/ food
presentation Weils disease
triad of:
- jaundice
- AKI
- bleeding
