Clinical Psychology

Question 0

Motivational Interviewing

OARS

Answer 0

O - ask open ended questions
A - affirmations that express empathy & understanding
R - reflective listening which builds rapport
S - summarizing; reflective listening

Question 1

Motivational Interviewing

Answer 1

Focus on factors that impede change
1) express empathy 2) develop discrepancies between current behaviors and goals 3) role with resistance 4) support self-efficacy

Question 2

Family Therapies

Answer 2

Systems are entities maintained by the mutual interactions of its components; these interactions are best understood in context.

Question 3

Family Therapies

Cybernetics

Answer 3

Feedback loops:
Negative = maintains status quo.
Positive = amplifies deviation thereby disrupting the system. Promotes appropriate change in a dysfunctional family.

Question 4

Family Therapies

Double-bind Communication

Answer 4

Usually verbal vs nonverbal
“Do this and you will be punished”
“Don’t do this and you’ll be punished”
Bowen posited this leads to schizophrenia

Question 5

Communication / Interaction family therapy

Answer 5

MRI group Palo Alto. All behavior is communication, therefore we are always communicating. Even by doing nothing.

Question 6

Communication / Interaction family therapy

Symmetrical vs complimentary communications

Answer 6

Symmetrical: reflect equality but may lead to one-upmanship
Complimentary: reflect inequality and maximize differences.

Question 7

Extended Family Systems Therapy

Differentation

Answer 7

person’s ability to separate his intellectual from emotional functioning

Question 8

Extended Family Systems

Emotional Triangle

Answer 8

when a 2 person system experiences stress, a third party may be sucked in.

Question 9

Extended Family Therapy

Genograms

Answer 9

depicts relationships between system members, important events and other important information.

Question 10

Structural Family Therapy - Overview

Minuchin

Answer 10

Dysfunction seen as result of inflexible family structure that inhibits families from adapting to maturational / situational stressors.

Question 11

Structural Family Therapy

Rigid Triads

Answer 11

1) Detouring occurs when a parent focus on child by overprotecting or blaming 2) stable coalition occurs when parent and child from across generation work together against another member 3) Triangulation occurs when each parent demands coalition with third party.

Question 12

Structural Family Therapy

Techniques

Answer 12

Joining: attaching to the family / blending in.
Evaluating the Family: look at structure, relationships, problems
Restructuring: deliberately unbalance (stress) the families homeostsis

Question 13

Strategic Family Therapy

Overview

Answer 13

Jay Haley, Milton Erickson; emphasis on role of communication, how it’s used to extort control. Family will benefit from altering their transactions and organization.

Question 14

Strategic Family Therapy

Paradoxical Intervention

Answer 14

Allows family member to see a symptom from an alternative point of view.

Question 15

Milan Systemic Family Therapy

Answer 15

Families get stuck in their ways (loops) and the process squashes all creativity. Goal is to help families see their choices and to be assertive in choosing. Done by: Hypothesizing, Being Neutral, use of Paradox, and using Circular questions.

Question 16

Behavior Family Therapy

Answer 16

Operant conditioning paired with social learning. 1)Focus on observable behaviors 2) ongoing assessment to identify targets 3) increase or decrease target behavior 4) focus on improving communication and problem solving.

Question 17

Object Relations Family Therapy

Answer 17

Primary source of Px: projective identification. Many transferences are addressed: member to member, pscyh to member, etc.

Question 18

Group Therapy Stages (3)

Answer 18

stage 1) Orientation, hesitant participation, search for meaning, dependency. 2) Conflict, Dominance, Rebellion. 3) Development of Cohesiveness.

Question 19

Group Therapy Leader Roles

Answer 19

Creation and Maintenance / Culture Building, Activation and illumination of the here and now.

Question 20

Feminist Therapy Overview

Answer 20

Power differences between women and men and how that impacts both groups behavior. Context of these power differentials; arbitrary labels and woman’s role of survival

Question 21

Feminist Therapy Techniques

Answer 21

Striving for egalitarian relationship. Utilize self-disclosures, demystify therapy process and encouraging clients to set their own goals. Avoiding labels. Avoiding revictimization. Involvement in social action.

Question 22

Hypnosis

Answer 22

effective treatment for: acute stress , anxiety disorders, obesity, insomnia and chronic pain. Also used to uncover repressed memories.

Question 23

Accupuncture

Answer 23

Used for reducing certain types of pain (headaches, migraine, lower back, dental), and for managing chemotherapy induced vomiting and nausea.

Question 24

Reflexology

Answer 24

Treats stress, anxiety, certain types of pain, PMS, and other conditions.

Question 25

Community Psychology

Answer 25

Public health driven; prevention of disease.
Primary interventions: decrease incidence of new cases.
Secondary: Decrease prevalence of MH D/O by shortening duration thru early intervention/detection
Tertiary: reduce duration and consequence thru rehab and other alternative options for those seeking care.

Question 26

Community Psychology

Techniques

Answer 26

Education to: 1) reduce incidence by prevention model. 2) Improve care of the ill by educating the public

Question 27

Community Psychology

Health Belief Model

Answer 27

Health behaviors are influenced by: 1) person’s readiness to tale action (correlated to perceived vulnerability) 2) Person’s evaluation of the benefits and costs of response 3) cues of action - family, media, others call for action
Practitioners can enhance behaviors by promoting personal responsibility and control.

Question 28

Consultation - Stages

Answer 28

Entry: identify consultee needs, join. Diagnosis: gathering info, defining the problem and generating possible interventions. Implementation: choosing the intervention, formulating a plan then implementing. Disengagement: self explanatory.

Question 29

Effect Size

Answer 29

converts data from different studies to a common unit of measure.

Question 30

Dose-dependent Effect

Answer 30

improvement after 26 sessions 75%; after 52 85%

Question 31

Phase Model

Answer 31

Remoralization: IP feels much better within a few sessions once hope and worth are restored. Remediation: symptomatic relief usually occurs around the 16th session. Rehabilitation: Unlearning behavior: takes much longer.

Question 33

Efficacy vs Effectiveness

Answer 33

Efficacy: has effect? Effectiveness: worth the cost? Feasible? Generalizable?