Learning Theory Glossary

Question 1

Behavioral Model

Lewinsohn

Answer 1

Attributes depression to low rate of response-contingent reinforcement due to inadequate reinforcing stimuli in the environment and or the individuals lack of skill in obtaining reinforcement.

Question 2

Biofeedback

Answer 2

Provides individual with immediate and continuous feedback about ongoing physiological process (muscle tension, blood pressure, etc) with the goal of enabling individual to exercise voluntary control over that process. For many Sxs, relaxation is just as effective. Thermal biofeedback is treatment-of-choice for Raynuad’s disease; thermal plus autogenic training is effective for migraines.

Question 3

Blocking

Answer 3

in classical conditioning; occurs when an association has already been established between the CS and US; result is the CS blocks an association between a 2nd neutral stimulus and the US when the CS and 2nd NS are presented together prior to the US.

Question 4

Classical Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 4

repeatedly presenting the CS without the US. Often the extinguished conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery (shows without being matched to CS)

Question 5

Cognitive Therapy

Beck

Answer 5

Socratic dialog; collaborative Rx between Tx and Cx. Schemas, Automatic Thoughts, Collaborative Empiricism

Question 6

Differential Reinforcement

Answer 6

operant technique that combines positive reinforcement and extinction. During a specified period of time, the individual is reinforced when she engages in behaviors other than the target behavior.

Question 7

EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing

Answer 7

orig for PTSD but now applied to other d/o’s. Lateral eye movement combined with exposure. Some research suggests efficacy is from exposure.

Question 8

Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Answer 8

application of negative reinforcement in which target behavior is an escape behavior.

Question 9

Functional Behavior Assessment

Answer 9

FBA is used to clarify the characteristics of a target behavior and determine its antecedents and consequences in order to identify an alternative behavior that serves the same functions and function based interventions that can be used to substitute the alternative behavior for the target behavior

Question 10

Higher-Order Conditioning

Answer 10

Occurs when a previously established CS serves as a U.S. To establish a CR for a new CS (neutral). I.e. The new neutral stimulus is paired with the established CS so that, eventually, the new neutral stimulus produces a CR.

Question 11

Information Processing Model

Sensory Memory, STM, LTM

Answer 11

The multi-store