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Anatomy Block 3 > Dissection 10 > Flashcards

Dissection 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Scalp Layers

A 
Skin
Dense subCutaneous tissue
Galea Aponeurotica
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
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2
Q

Scalp Proper

A

Skin
Dense subcutaneous tissue
Galea aponeurotica

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3
Q

Placodes

A

Thickenings of the surface ectoderm caused by neural tube contact; form nerves of special senses

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4
Q

Optic vesicle

A

Expansion of the forebrain

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5
Q

Lens Placode

A

Forms the lens of the eye

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6
Q

Nasal Placode

A

Forms olfactory nerves

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7
Q

Otic Placode

A

Forms auditory nerves

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8
Q

Paraxial Mesoderm

A

Mesoderm in head organized into somites

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9
Q

Preotic Somites

A

Form the extraocular muscles

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10
Q

Postotic Somites

A

Form muscles of the tongue

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11
Q

What do neural crest cells form in the head?

A

Sensory ganglia and 4 parasympathetic ganglia
Skeletal elements like mandible and middle ear osicles
Smooth muscle associated with thymus, heart, parathyroid, thyroid

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12
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation of the face?

A

Cranial Nerve V

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13
Q

Main sensory nerves of the face

A
  1. Supraorbital Nerve
  2. Infraorbital Nerve
  3. Mental Nerve
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14
Q

Main facial expression muscles

A
  1. Orbicularis Oculi (closes eye)
  2. Orbicularis Oris (closes lips)
  3. Occipital Frontalis (raises eyebrows)
  4. Platysma (tightens neck)
  5. Buccinatory (compresses cheeks)
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15
Q

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

Cranial Nerve VII

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16
Q

What are the main facial expression nerves?

A
  1. Temporal- Frontalis
  2. Zygomatic- Orbicularis oculi
  3. Buccal- Buccinator and Orbicularis oris
  4. Marginal Mandibular- Orbicularis oris
  5. Cervical- Platysma
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17
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid Foramen

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18
Q

What is the parotid gland innervated by?

A

Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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19
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Facial nerve paralysis

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20
Q

Main vessels of the face

A

Facial Artery
Facial Vein
External Carotid Artery
Superficial Temporal Artery

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21
Q

Two main triangles of the neck

A

Anterior Cervical Triangle

Posterior Cervical Triangle

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22
Q

What is located in the anterior cervical triangle?

A

Common carotid artery

internal jugular vein

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23
Q

What is located in the posterior cervical triangle?

A

CN XI

Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

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24
Q

Fascial layers of the neck

A 
Cervical investing fascia
Prevertebral Fascia
Carotid Sheaths
Pretrachial fascia
Buccopharyngeal fascia
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25
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Continuous with posterior mediastinum. Susceptible to infections.

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26
Q

Superficial veins of the neck

A

External jugular vein
Anterior jugular vein
Superficial to investing facia

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27
Q

Cervical Lymph Nodes

A

Jugulodigastric

Supraclavicular

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28
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Innervated by CN XI
Flexes neck
Rotates head

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29
Q

Spinal Accesory Nerve (CN XI)

A

Branchiomotor only
C1-C5/6
Sensory fibers from cervical spinal nerves

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30
Q

Torticollis

A

Shortened sternocleidomastoid
Head tilted to bad side
Abnormal muscle tone

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31
Q

Hyoid Muscles

A

Swallowing and speaking

Supra and infrahyoid

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32
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A 
Mylohyoid (CN V3)
Digastric (Anterior, V3; Posterior, VII)
Stylohyoid (CN VII)
Geniohyoid (C1)
Elevate hyoid and depress mandible
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33
Q

What fibers does the cervical plexus have?

A

Sensory and Sympathetic

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34
Q

What dermatomes does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

C2, C3, C4

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35
Q

What muscles does the cervical plexus innervate?

A

Geniohyoid

Infrahyoid

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36
Q

Ansa Cervicalis Nerve

A

Motor portion of cervical plexus to C1-3

Infrahyoid muscles

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37
Q

Scalene Muscles

A

Anterior, Middle, and Posterior

Lateral Neck

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38
Q

What does the first pharyngeal cleft form?

A

External auditory meatus

External lining of the eardrum

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39
Q

What lines the internal surface of the branchial arches?

A

Endoderm

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40
Q

What does the thyroid gland form from?

A

Pouch tissue from a branchial pouch

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41
Q

First Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Tympanic or middle ear cavity

Auditory tube

42
Q

Second Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Fossa for palatine tonsil

43
Q

Third Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Inferior parathyroid gland

Thymus

44
Q

Fourth Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Superior parathyroid gland

45
Q

Fifth Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Ultimobranchial body (calcitonin cells of thyroid)

46
Q

Cranial nerve associated with pharyngeal arch 1

A

V Trigeminal

47
Q

Muscles innervated by pharyngeal arch 1

A 
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
masseter
Temporalis
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of the digastric
48
Q

Bones associated with pharyngeal arch 1

A

Maxilla
Mandible
Malleus
Incus

49
Q

Cranial nerve of pharyngeal arch 2

A

VII Facial

50
Q

Muscles associated with pharyngeal arch 2

A

All muscles of facial expression
Posterior belly of the digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius

51
Q

Bones associated with pharyngeal arch 2

A

Stapes
Styloid Process
Lesser horn of hyoid

52
Q

Cranial nerve of pharyngeal arch 3

A

IX Glossopharyngeal

53
Q

Muscles from pharyngeal arch 3

A

Stylopharyngeus

54
Q

Bones from pharyngeal arch 3

A

Greater horn of hyoid

55
Q

Cranial nerve of pharyngeal arch 4

A

X Vagus (Superior laryngeal)

56
Q

Muscles of pharyngeal arch 4

A

Levator veli palatini
Intrinsic muscles of soft palate
Cricothyroid
Constrictors of the pharynx

57
Q

Bones of pharyngeal arch 4

A

Thyroid cartilage

58
Q

Cranial nerve of pharyngeal arch 6

A

X Vagus

59
Q

Muscles of pharyngeal arch 6

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

60
Q

Bones of pharyngeal arch 6

A

Cricoid cartilage

61
Q

Name the four parasympathetic ganglia of the head

A

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
Otic
Submandibular

62
Q

Which nerve do postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers of the face follow?

A

CN V

63
Q

What does ectoderm form in the head?

A

Neural tube and neural crest cells

64
Q

What does mesoderm form in the head?

A

Skeletal elements

Muscles of the somites and pharyngeal arches

65
Q

What does endoderm form in the head?

A

Lining of the pharynx and pharyngeal pouches

66
Q

What does the first pharyngeal cleft form?

A

External auditory canal

67
Q

General somatosensory fibers of the head

A

Pain, temp, and touch

Skin, oral/nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, middle ear

68
Q

General viscerosensory fibers of the head

A

Sensation from head organs (gut)

69
Q

Special somatosensory fibers of the head

A

Lens and otic placodes

70
Q

Special viscerosensory fibers of the head

A

Taste and smell

71
Q

Branchiomotor fibers of the head

A

Skeletal muscles derived from branchial arches

72
Q

Three divisons of Cranial Nerve V

A

Opthalmic division- Supraorbital nerve
Maxillary division- Infraorbital nerve
Mandibular division- Mental nerve

73
Q

Where are the cell bodies of CN V?

A

Trigeminal ganglion outside the brainstem

74
Q

What nerve innervates facial expression muscles?

A

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

75
Q

What are the two bellies of the epicranius muscle?

A

Frontalis
Occipitalis
Joined by galea aponeurotica, raise eyebrows

76
Q

What muscle (hard) closes the eyes?

A

Orbicularis oculi

77
Q

What muscle flattens and protrudes the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

78
Q

What muscle helps with chewing, compresses the cheeks, and helps with drinking through a straw?

A

Buccinator

79
Q

What muscle draws down the corners of the mouth and depresses the mandible?

A

Platysma

80
Q

What muscle does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator

81
Q

What is enclosed by the prevertebral fascia?

A

Prevertebral muscles

82
Q

What is enclosed by the visceral/pretrachial fascia?

A

Thyroid gland
Trachea
Esophagus

83
Q

What does the carotid sheath enclose?

A

Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

84
Q

Borders of the anterior cervical triangle

A

Mandible
Neck midline
Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

85
Q

Borders of the posterior cervical triangle

A

Clavicle
Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Anterior border of trapezius

86
Q

Name the two triangles within the anterior cervical triangle. What divides them?

A

Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

87
Q

What would you see with CN XI lesion?

A

Ipsilateral shoulder droop

Weakness turning head to contralateral side

88
Q

What two branchial arches does the digastric muscle develop from? What innervates it?

A

1 and 2
Anterior- CN V3
Posterior- CN VII
(Depresses the mandible)

89
Q

Location, innervation, and origin of Mylohyoid muscle

A

Floor of the mouth
Inferior alveolar branch of V3
Branchial arch 1

90
Q

Location, innervation, and origin of Stylohyoid muscle

A

Styloid process to hyoid bone
Branchiomotor CN VII
Branchial arch 2

91
Q

Location, innervation, and origin of Geniohyoid muscle

A

Mandible back to hyoid bone, deep to mylohyoid
C1 spinal nerve that runs with CN XII
Head somite?

92
Q

What nerves innervate the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A

Ansa Cervicalis

EXCEPT for thyrohyoid- C1

93
Q

Scalenus Anticus Syndrome
Cervical Rib Syndrome
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Cervical plexus and subclavian artery are compressed

Adson’s test produces obliteration of pulse

94
Q

What nerves make up the cervical plexus?

A

Ventral rami from C1-C4

95
Q

What lymph nodes drain the back of the scalp?

A

Retroauricular

Parotid

96
Q

What lymph nodes drain the lateral face?

A

Parotid

Superficial cervical

97
Q

What lymph nodes drain the chin and middle part of the lower lip?

A

Buccal
Submandibular
Submental

98
Q

What are all the lymph nodes that drain the face and scalp called?

A

Cervical collar of nodes

99
Q

What lymph node drains the tongue and palatine tonsil?

A

Jugulodigastric

100
Q

What lymph nodes are known as the sentinel nodes and why?

A

Supraclavicular nodes

They are swollen if there is a problem in the upper limb, head/neck, and thorax.

Anatomy Block 3 (7 decks)

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