Dissection 12

Question 1

Branches of external carotid artery

Answer 1

Inferior

1. Superior thyroid
2. Ascending pharyngeal
3. Lingual
4. Facial
5. Occipital
6. Posterior auricular
7. Maxillary
8. Superficial temporal

Question 2

What does the superior thyroid artery supply?

Answer 2

Thyroid gland; produces superior laryngeal artery which pierces thyrohyoid membrane and supplies the larynx

Question 3

What does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

Answer 3

Pharynx, middle ear, meninges

Question 4

What does the lingual artery supply?

Answer 4

Tongue

Question 5

What does the facial artery supply?

Answer 5

Surface of the face

Question 6

What does the occipital artery supply?

Answer 6

Scalp and sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 7

What does the posterior auricular artery supply?

Answer 7

Scalp, adjacent muscles, parotid gland, auricle

Question 8

How do the branches off the external carotid on both sides relate?

Answer 8

They anastomose extensively

Question 9

Where does the subclavian artery pass?

Answer 9

Between anterior and middle scalene muscles to the axilla

Question 10

Vertebral artery

Answer 10

Off of subclavian artery, goes to skull via transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Question 11

Internal thoracic artery

Answer 11

Goes down from subclavian artery; has anterior intercostal branches

Eventually turns into superior epigastric artery

Question 12

Branches of thyrocervical trunk

Answer 12

1. Inferior thyroid
2. Ascending cervical
3. Transverse cervical
4. Supracapsular

Question 13

Where does the inferior thyroid artery go?

Answer 13

Thyroid gland

Question 14

Where does the ascending cervical artery go?

Answer 14

Pharynx

Question 15

Where does the transverse cervical artery go?

Answer 15

Muscles that attach to the scapula

Question 16

Where does the supracapsular artery go?

Answer 16

Muscles on the posterior aspect of the scapula

Question 17

Where is the subclavian vein?

Answer 17

Starts at first rib; goes anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and merges with the internal jugular vein to become the brachiocephalic vein

Question 18

Where does the thoracic duct empty into the venous system?

Answer 18

Junction between left jugular and subclavian veins

Question 19

Three muscles arising from the styloid process

Answer 19

Stylohyoid, Styloglossus, Stylopharyngeus

Question 20

Origin and innervation of the stylohyoid muscle

Answer 20

Branchial arch 2; Facial Nerve VII

Question 21

Origin and innervation of the styloglossus muscle

Answer 21

Postotic somites; Hypoglossus Nerve XII

Question 22

Origin and innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 22

Branchial arch 3; Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX

Question 23

What brancial arch does CN IX innervate?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

Where does CN IX exit the skull?

Answer 24

Jugular foramen

Question 25

Branchiomotor function of CN IX

Answer 25

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Cell bodies are in the branchiomotor column

Question 26

General somatosensory function of CN IX

Answer 26

Posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx for efferent gag reflex, skin of external ear, lining of the middle ear, auditory tube, inner surface of tympanic membrane, and mastoid air cells

Question 27

Special viscerosensory function of CN IX

Answer 27

Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 28

Parasympathetic nerves that travel with CN IX

Answer 28

Lesser petrosal nerve synapses in otic ganglion then travels to parotid gland with CN V

Question 29

General viscerosensory function of CN IX

Answer 29

Chemoreceptors in carotid body and baroreceptors in carotid sinus

Question 30

What brancial arches does CN X innervate?

Answer 30

4 and 6

Question 31

Branchiomotor function of CN X

Answer 31

All muscles of larynx and pharynx except stylopharyngeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini

Question 32

Parasympathetic function of CN X

Answer 32

Glands in larynx, pharynx; other organs in the thorax and abdomen

Question 33

General somatosensory function of CN X

Answer 33

Sensory to larynx and small part of pharynx

Internal laryngeal nerve- vocal folds to base of tongue and epiglottis

Recurrent laryngeal nerve- larynx below vocal folds

Question 34

Special viscerosensory function of CN X

Answer 34

Taste buds on epiglottis

Question 35

General viscerosensory function of CN X

Answer 35

Thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 36

What does the internal carotid plexus innervate?

Answer 36

Sympathetics to brain, dilator pupillae, and superior tarsal muscles

Question 37

What does the external carotid plexus innervate?

Answer 37

Sympathetics to vessels and sweat glands of the face

Question 38

What does the vertebral artery plexus innervate?

Answer 38

Sympathetics to vessels of the brain

Question 39

Is sympathetic innervation to the head and neck pre or post ganglionic?

Answer 39

Post

Question 40

What can happen if the cervical symathetic trunk is damaged?

Answer 40

Horner’s Syndrome; constricted pupil, drooping eyelid, flushed face, and lack of sweating

Question 41

What does the carotid sheath contain?

Answer 41

1. Internal jugular vein
2. Common carotid artery
3. CN X

Question 42

What branchial pouches do the parathyroid glands arise from?

Answer 42

3 and 4

Question 43

Origin of thyroid gland

Answer 43

Floor of pharynx downward via thyroglossal duct which usually disintegrates

Question 44

Thymus Gland

Answer 44

From 3rd pharyngeal pouch; makes T lymphocytes, disappears at puberty, found in anterior mediastinum

Question 45

What arteries supply the thyroid gland?

Answer 45

Superior thyroid artery

Inferior thyroid artery

Question 46

Where are the baroreceptors located?

Answer 46

Carotid sinus

Question 47

Where are the chemoreceptors located?

Answer 47

Carotid body