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Anatomy Exam 3 > Lower Extremity: Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Lower Extremity: Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bone of the heel

A

Calcaneus

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2
Q

What bone in the foot articulates with the fibula and tibula and calcaneus?

A

Talus

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3
Q

What bone in the foot is anterior to the calcaneous and is located on the lateral side of the foot?

A

cuboid

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4
Q

What bone in the foot is anterior to the talus and is located on the medial side of the foot?

A

Navicular

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5
Q

What bones articulate with the cuboid, navicular, and metatarsals?

A

Cuneiforms: lateral, middle, medial

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6
Q

Name the three main sections of the foot

A

1) tarsals
2) metatarsals
3) phalanges

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7
Q

What three ligaments attach the sacrum to the pelvis

A
  • Interosseous sacroiliac ligament
  • sacrospinous ligament
  • sacrotuberous ligament
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8
Q

The sacroiliac joint is composed of both a synovial joint and a syndesmosis. Where does each lie?

A
  • Synovial joint: between auricular surfaces
  • Syndesmosis: between tuberosities
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9
Q

Pubic symphysis is composed on one interior disc and two ligaments (superior and inferior). Name them

A
  • Interpubic disc
  • Superior and inferior pubic ligaments
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10
Q

Identify a and b

A

a) ASIS
b) AIIS: anterior inferior iliac spine

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11
Q

Identify c and d

A

c) PSIS
d) PIIS

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12
Q

Identify e, f, g

A

e) inferior gluteal line
f) anterior gluteal line
g) posterior gluteal line

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13
Q

Identify a, b, c

A

a) greater trochanter
b) lesser trochanter
c) Intertrochanteric crest

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14
Q

Identify d and e

A

d) gluteal tuberosity
e) linea aspera

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15
Q

Identify f and g

A

f) trochanteric fossa (under intertrochanteric crest)
g) intertrochanteric line

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16
Q

Identify

A

Fovea capitis femoris

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17
Q

The acetabulum is composed of three parts, name them

A

acetabular labrum (surrounds outside)

articular (lunate surface)

acetabular fossa

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18
Q

Acetabulum has 2 ligaments: one along the inferior border and one near the acetabular fossa: name them

A

ligament of the head of the femur

transverse acetabular ligament

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19
Q

The hip joint capsule is formed from what three ligaments?

A
  • iliofemoral ligament
  • pubofemoral ligament
  • ishiofemoral ligament
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20
Q

Blood supply to hip joint is supplied by what two branches off of the deep femoral artery and what one branch from the obturator artery?

A
  • lateral circumflex femoral a.
  • medial circumflex femoral a.
  • artery of head of femur (off obturator)
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21
Q

What is the angle of inclination of the femur? What happens when that angle decreases?

A
  • intesection of long axes of femoral shaft and femoral neck
  • angle decreases in old age -> increase stress on the femoral neck -> fracture
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22
Q

Coxa Vara

A

congenital condition: decreased angle of inclination of femur

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23
Q

Coxa Valga

A

increased angle of inclination of femur

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24
Q

Identify a

A

adductor tubercle

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25
Q

Identify b and c

A

b) patellar surface
c) popliteal surface

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26
Q

Identify d and e

A

d) medial epicondyle
e) lateral epicondyle

27
Q

Identify f and g

A

f) medial condyle
g) lateral condyle

28
Q

Identify a, b

A

a) superior articular surfaces
b) intercondylar eminence

29
Q

Identify c, d, e

A

c) Apex of fibula
d) head of fibula
e) neck of fibula

30
Q

f and i

A

f) medial condyle
i) Lateral condyle

31
Q

h

A

h) tibial tuberosity

32
Q

Where is the apex and base of patella

A
33
Q

joint capsule of knee is composed of what two layers

A

fibrous and synovial

34
Q

Describe the menisci

A
  • medial meniscus: c-shaped
  • lateral meniscus: ciruclar, smaller, more mobile
35
Q

What ligaments lies medially in the knee joint and attaches femur to tibia?

A

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL)

36
Q

What ligament lies laterally on the knee and connects the femur to the fibula?

A

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)

37
Q

What two ligaments lie inside the knee joint

A

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

38
Q

What ligament lies medially to lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL) and runs from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the tibia (near gerdy’s tubercle)?

A

anterolateral ligament (ALL)

39
Q

ACL drawer test

A

The anterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee.

  • Test: flex knee and pull leg towards you
40
Q

PCL drawer test

A

Posterior cruciate ligament prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia

Test: flex knee and push leg away

41
Q

Unhappy triad

A

Tear of ACL, Tibial collateral igament, medial meniscus

42
Q

Bicondylar angle of the knee (Carrying angle)

A

the angle from vertical that the shaft of the femur makes when the bone is stood upright on its condyles

  • brings the center of gravity closer to the midline
  • increased pressure on medial condyle
  • greater risk of osteoarthritis
43
Q

Q-angle of the knee

A

the angle formed by a line from the ASIS and mid-patella and a line from mid-patella to tibial tuberosity

  • typically larger in women
  • Increased risk of patellar subluxation
44
Q

Genu Varum

A

Decreased Q-angle

  • bow-legged
  • excess pressure on medial knee -arthrosis
45
Q

Genu Valgus

A

Increased Q-angle

  • Knock-kneed
  • excess pressure on lateral knee
  • increased risk of patellar subluxation
46
Q

Housemaids knee

A

Subcutaneous prepatellar bursitis

47
Q

What is the name of the bursa that lies superficial to the patella

A

Suprapatellar bursa

  • may inflame due to wounds and infection caused by knee inflamation
48
Q

Can inflammation occur at the knee capsule itself?

A

Yes, because all burse are connected to the synovial capsule

49
Q

a, b, c

A

a) medial malleolus
b) lateral malleolus
c) interosseous membrane

50
Q

What is the top of the talus called

A

trochlea

51
Q

What is the primary joint of the ankle?

A

talo-crural ankle joint

52
Q

Dorsiflexion vs plantarflexion

A

plantarflexion: straightening ankle/foot

Dorsiflexion: decreased angle of ankle/foot

53
Q

What is the name and function of the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A
  • Talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament
  • resist inversion
54
Q

What is the name and function of medial (deltoid) ligaments of the ankle?

A
  • tibiocalcaneal ligament, tibioavicular ligament, tibiotalar ligament
  • resist eversion
55
Q

Pott’s fracture

A
  • Excessive eversion of the foot: fx of medial malleoulus (tibia)
  • leads to excessive inversion of the foot: fx of lateral malleolus (fibula)
56
Q

Central axis of the foot passes through what digit

A

2nd

57
Q

How may phalanges does the hallux have

A
  • hallux = big toe
  • proximal and distal phalanx
58
Q

subtalar joint

A

joint between the talus and calcaneus that allows for inversion and eversion of the ankle

59
Q

Name the joint between tarsals and metatarsals

A

tarsometatarsal joints

60
Q

Name the joint between the metatarsals and phalanges

A

metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)

61
Q

What ligament runs from calcaneus to cuboid bone

A

plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (Short)

62
Q

What ligament runs from the calcaneus to the navicular bone

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (Spring)

63
Q

What ligament is the longest ligament in the underside of the foot and assists in forming the arch on the foot

A

long plantar ligament

64
Q
A

Anatomy Exam 3 (9 decks)

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