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Anatomy Exam 3 > Posterior Leg and Plantar Foot > Flashcards

Posterior Leg and Plantar Foot Flashcards

1
Q

The popliteal artery branches into what 2 arteries in the leg?

A

-Posterior tibial -Anterior tibial (popliteal a. will pierce interosseous m. and give rise to anterior tibial)

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2
Q

What artery supplies the anterior leg?

A

Anterior tibial a. (branch off popliteal a.)

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3
Q

What arteries supply posterior and lateral leg?

A
  • Posterior tibial a. - Fibular a. (branch off of posterior tibial a.)
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4
Q

What veins supply the anterior leg?

A

anterior tibial vein

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5
Q

When veins supply the posterior and lateral leg?

A
  • Posterior tibial vv. - Fibular v.
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6
Q

What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation the the anterior and medial leg?

A

Saphenous n. (from femoral n.)

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7
Q

What nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the posterior and lateral leg

A
  • Common Fibular n. - Sural n. (from tibial and common fibular n.)
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8
Q

Origin and insertion of Gastrocnemius

A

O: (M) posterior femur superior to medial condyle (L) Lateral femoral condyle

I: Posterior calcaneus

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9
Q

Innervation and action of gastrocnemius

A

N: Tibial

A: Plantarflexes foot, flexes leg

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10
Q

Origin and insertion of soleus

A

O: Soleal line of tibia; posterior fibular head

I: Posterior calcaneus

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11
Q

Innervation and action of soleus

A

I: Tibial n.

A. Plantarflexes foot

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12
Q

What nerve passes deep the tendinous arch of the soleus?

A

Tibial n.; Posterior a./v.

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13
Q

Origin and insertion of plantaris

A

O: Lateral supracondylar line of femur

I: Posterior calcaneus

*absent if 5-10% of people

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14
Q

Innervation and action of plantaris

A

N: Tibial n.

A: weakly plantarflexes ankle

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15
Q

When tendon in the posterior leg can be harvested and used for tendon grafts in the hand

A

Plantaris

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16
Q

Origin and Insertion of Popliteus

A

O: Lateral Condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

I: Posterior tibia

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17
Q

Innervation and action of popliteus

A

I: Tibial n.

A: Flexes knee; “unlocks” knee

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18
Q

Origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

O: Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane

I: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux

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19
Q

Innervation and Action of flexor hallucis longus

A

I: Tibial n.

A: flexes hallux

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20
Q

Origin and insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: Posterior tibia

I: Plantar surface of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

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21
Q

Innervation and Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

N: Tibial n.

A: Flexes digits 2-5

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22
Q

Origin and insertion of Tibialis posterior

A

O: Posterior surface of interosseous membrane; tibia and fibula

I: Navicular

23
Q

Innervation and action of tibialis posterior

A

I: Tibial n

A: plantarflexes and inverts foot

24
Q

What is the space between the talus and flexor retinaculum?

A

Tarsal tunnel

25
Q

Posterior to the medial malleolus running from Anterior to Posterior: what muscles make up Tom, Dick, and Harry

A

Anterior

Tibialis Posterior

Flexor Digitorum longus

Flexor Hallucis longus

Posterior

26
Q

What artery and nerve run through the tarsal tunnel: Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

A

Posterior tibial a

Tibial n

27
Q

Tarsal Tunnel syndrome

A

Compression of tibial n. in the tarsal tunnel

28
Q

What is the name of the retinacula on the lateral side of the ankle

A

Fibular retinacula

29
Q

What is the name of the retinaculae a and b

A

a: Superior extensor retinacula
b. Inferior extensor retinacula

30
Q

What is the name of the retinacula that lies on the medial side of the ankle

A

flexor retinaculum

31
Q

What is the deep fascia on the bottom of the foot called? The fascia creates what aponeurosis?

A
  1. plantar fascia (Deep fascia)
  2. Plantar aponeurosis
32
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

straining/inflammation of plantar aponeurosis

-pain at attachment to posterior calcaneus and medial foot

33
Q

What artery does the anterior tibial artery turn into in the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis a.

34
Q

What is the major arterial vasculature of the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis a. -> Lateral tarsal a. + Arcuate a.-> Deep plantar a.

35
Q

What is the major arterial vasculature of the plantar surface of the foot

A

Posterior tibial -> Medial plantar a. + Lateral plantar a. -> Deep palmar arch

36
Q

Blood in the foot is mostely drained by what veins?

A

Superficial vv.

  • no accompanying arteries
  • tibutaries of small and great saphenous vv.
37
Q

Cutaneous innervation of dorsal foot

A

superficial fibular n.

38
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the medial aspect of the leg and foot

A

saphenous n

39
Q

Cutaneous innervation to Medial aspect of plantar foot

A

Medial plantar n

40
Q

Cutaneous innervation to the lateral aspect of the plantar surface of the foot

A

lateral plantar n

Sural n

41
Q

What bones comprise the medial longitudinal arches of the foot

A
  • calcaneous
  • talus
  • navicular
  • three cuneiforms
  • medial 3 metatarsals
42
Q

What bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot

A
  • calcaneous
  • cuboid
  • lateral 2 metatarsals
43
Q

What ligaments give passive support to the longitudinal arches of the foot

A
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • plantar ligaments
  • plantar calcaneonavicular (Spring ligament)
44
Q

What nerves supply motor innervation to the foot?

A

Median plantar n

Lateral plantar n.

* branches off of tibial n.

45
Q

What muscles make up the first layer of muscles of the plantar foot

A
  1. abductor digiti minimi
  2. Flexor digitorum brevis
  3. Abductor hallucis
46
Q

What is the origin and action of the first layer of muscles in the foot: Abductor digit minimi; flexor digitorum brevis; abductor hallucis

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity

A: Flex/abduct toes

47
Q

What nerve innervates flexor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis?

A

Medial plantar n.

48
Q

What nerve innervates abductor digiti minimi

A

lateral plantar n.

49
Q

What is the insertion of the 3 muscles of the first layer of foot muscles (on plantar surface)

A
  • Flexor digitorum brevis: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
  • Abductor hallucis: Proximal phalanx of hallux
  • Abductor digiti minimi: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of digit 5
50
Q

Flexor tendons

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus inserting on distal phalanges

Tendons of flexor digitorum brevis inserting on intermediate phalanges

*tendons of flexor digitorum brevis split around tendons of flexor digitorum longus

51
Q

What muscles make up the second layer of foot muscles

A
  • Quadratus plantae
  • Lumbricals
52
Q

What muscles make up the third layer of muscles in the foot. What is their common action?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexor hallucis brevis

Adductor hallucis

Action: Flex and adduct toes

53
Q

What is the fourth layer of muscles in the foot? What is thier common innervation?

A

Plantar interosseous muscles

Dorsal interosseous muscles

Innervation: Lateral plantar n.

54
Q

What 4 muscles of the foot receive innervation from the medial plantar n.?

A
  1. flexor digitorum brevis
  2. Abductor hallucis
  3. Medial lumbrical
  4. Flexor hallucis brevis

Anatomy Exam 3 (9 decks)

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