Anatomy of the basal Ganglia and Cerebellum, and control of Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three layers of the cerebellar cortex (from outer to inner)

A

Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular layer

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2
Q

If the cerebellum infratentorial or supratentorial?

A

Infra tentorial

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3
Q

How to afferent projections (inputs) enter the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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4
Q

What layer of the cerebellum do afferent signals go to mostly?

A

The granular cell layer

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5
Q

What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

3 stalks called peduncles

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6
Q

What are the three peduncles made of?

A

White matter

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7
Q

Are the deep cerebellar nuclei white or grey matter?

A

Grey

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8
Q

What part of the cerebellum transmits signals to the rest of the brain?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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9
Q

What symptoms would a patient get if they have a midline cerebellar lesion?

A

Disturbance of posture control (patient will fall over when standing or sitting)

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10
Q

Do the cerebellar hemispheres control the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

A

Ipsilateral

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11
Q

What symptoms are seen in a unilateral hemispheric lesion of the cerebellum?

A

Disturbance of limb coordiantion resulting in tremor and unsteady gait.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?

A

Slowed, slurred speech, bilateral incoordiantion of the arms and staggering

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13
Q

What basal ganglia make up the lenticular nucleus?

A

Putamen

Globus Pallidus

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14
Q

What basal ganglia make up the striatum?

A

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

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15
Q

Name all the basal ganglia

A
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substnatia nigra
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16
Q

What basal ganglia sits in the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

Caudate nucleus

17
Q

How many substantia nigra are there?

A

2; one of either side of the midline

18
Q

What does the substantia nigra produce?

A

Dopamine

19
Q

What condition is characterised by atrophy of the substantia nigra

A

parkinsons disease

20
Q

How do the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to enhance normal movement?

A

The direct pathway; this is a neurone chain that enhances the outflow of the thalamus and enhances the desired movement.

21
Q

How do the basal ganglia work with the motor cortex to suppress unwanted movement?

A

Indirect pathway; this is a neurone chain that inhibits the outflow of the thalamus .

22
Q

Does basal ganglia dysfunction affect the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

A

Contralateral

23
Q

What are some of the symptoms of basal ganglia dysfuntion?

A

Changes in muscle tone
Dyskinesis
Tremor
Chorea

24
Q

What two disease are associated with basal ganglia dysfuction?

A

Huntingtons

Parkinsons

25
Q

Do the cerebellar hemispheres influence the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

A

Ipsilateral

26
Q

A patient presents with slow, slurred speech, bilateral limb incoordination and a wide based gait.

A

Bilateral cerebellar dysfunction

27
Q

A patient presents saying the fall over when standing or sitting. What part of their brain is most likely damaged?

A

Vermis of the cerebellum

28
Q

Do lesions on the basal ganglia lead to disturbances on the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the body?

A

Contraleteral

29
Q

Changes in muscle tone, dyskinesis, tremor, chorea and myoclonus are due to a problem is which aspect of the brain?

A

Basal ganglia